Maize Genomics and Genetics 2024, Vol.15, No.1, 1-8 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/mgg 6 of GWAS by developing more efficient statistical analysis models, improving the accuracy and reducing costs of genotype sequencing technology, and optimizing sample selection and design. In addition, using artificial intelligence and machine learning technology to process and analyze large-scale genetic data is also an important direction for future GWAS research. Figure 2 Pleiotropy for kernel traits in maize-teosinte NILs populations Note: NIL: Infiltration system; PC: Principal component; QTL: Quantitative trait loci; Wt50k: Weighing 50 pills 5.2 The application prospects of multi-omics data integration analysis in revealing the molecular mechanisms of complex traits With the development of multi-omics technologies such as transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, integrated analysis of these different levels of biological information has become an important means to reveal the genetic mechanisms of complex traits. In the study of corn quality traits, by integrating multi-omics data such as GWAS, transcriptome, and metabolome, we can more comprehensively understand the formation mechanism of quality traits, which is especially valuable in analyzing the complex regulatory network between genes and traits. . In the future, establishing a more effective multi-omics data integration and analysis platform will help discover new genetic resources and regulatory pathways, and provide more accurate molecular markers for improving corn quality. 5.3 The potential of precision breeding in improving corn quality Precision breeding technologies, especially gene editing technologies such as CRISPR/Cas9, provide new strategies for improving corn quality traits (Hao et al., 2018). Compared with traditional breeding methods, gene editing technology can accurately modify target genes without introducing exogenous DNA, thereby quickly obtaining the desired quality traits. In the future, through more in-depth research on gene functions and optimization of editing technology, the efficiency and safety of precision breeding will be further improved. At the same time, combined with the key genes and regulatory networks discovered by GWAS and multi-omics data analysis, precision breeding is expected to play a greater role in improving corn quality and provide strong support to meet human needs for high-quality corn. 5.4 The importance of molecular mechanisms for future corn improvement Although GWAS has made a lot of progress in the study of corn quality traits, in order to achieve fundamental improvements in corn quality, in-depth research on the molecular mechanisms of the formation of these traits is still needed. Future research needs to focus on revealing the functions of key genes and their mechanisms in the formation of corn quality, which is of vital significance for accurately regulating corn quality traits and cultivating new varieties that are more suitable for market demand. In addition, with the development of precision breeding technologies such as gene editing, an in-depth understanding of molecular mechanisms will allow us to more precisely manipulate these key genes to achieve targeted improvements in corn quality.
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