Maize Genomics and Genetics 2024, Vol.15, No.1, 27-35 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/mgg 35 Longitudinal studies that track changes in isoenzymatic variation over time are also needed to understand the effects of environmental changes on genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships within Zea. Such studies can provide valuable insights into the dynamics of genetic diversity and adaptation, informing conservation strategies and breeding programs. Furthermore, integrating traditional knowledge and practices into scientific research can enhance the understanding and conservation of genetic diversity in Zea. Indigenous communities possess valuable knowledge about the diversity and uses of maize and its wild relatives. Collaborative research that incorporates indigenous knowledge and participatory approaches can uncover new insights into the genetic and ecological dynamics of Zea and support the conservation of both genetic and cultural heritage. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The author affirms that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Doebley J.F., 2004, The genetics of maize evolution, Annual Review of Genetics, 38: 37-59. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.genet.38.072902.092425 Doebley J.F., and Goodman M.M., 1984, Isoenzymatic variation in Zea (Gramineae), Systematic Botany, 9(2): 203-218. https://doi.org/10.2307/2418824 Doebley J.F., Gaut B.S., and Smith B.D., 2006, The molecular genetics of crop domestication, Cell, 127(7): 1309-1321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2006.12.006 PMid:17190597 Goodman M.M., and Stuber C.W., 1983, Maize, Developments in Plant Genetics and Breeding, 8: 1-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-42227-9.50005-6 Hufford M.B., Lubinsky P., Pyhäjärvi T., Devengenzo M.T., Ellstrand N.C., and Ross-Ibarra J., 2012, The genomic signature of crop-wild introgression in maize, PLoS Genetics, 9(5): e1003477. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1003477 Matsuoka Y., Vigouroux Y., Goodman M.M., Sanchez G.J., Buckler E., and Doebley J., 2002, A single domestication for maize shown by multilocus microsatellite genotyping, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 99(9): 6080-6084. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.052125199 PMid:11983901 PMCid:PMC122905 Nevo E., 2001, Evolution of genome-phenome diversity under environmental stress, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 98(11): 6233-6240. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.101109298 PMid:11371642 PMCid:PMC33451 Olsen K.M., and Wendel J.F., 2013, A bountiful harvest: genomic insights into crop domestication phenotypes, Annual Review of Plant Biology, 64: 47-70. Sánchez G.J.J., Goodman M.M., and Stuber C.W., 1999, Isozymatic and morphological diversity in the races of maize in Mexico, Economic Botany, 53(1): 43-59. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02866599 Schmidt D., and Bothmer R., 2009, Isozyme analysis of nordic barley landraces, Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 56(2): 213-225. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-008-9358-9 Smith J.S.C., and Smith O.S., 1989, The description and assessment of distances between inbred lines of maize: II. The utility of morphological, biochemical, and genetic descriptors and a scheme for the testing of distinctiveness between inbred lines, Maydica, 34(2): 151-161. Tenaillon M.I., U'Ren J., Tenaillon O., and Gaut B.S., 2004, Selection versus demography: a multilocus investigation of the domestication process in maize, Molecular Biology and Evolution, 21(6): 1214-1225. Van Heerwaarden J., Doebley J., Briggs W. H., Glaubitz J. C., Goodman M.M., De Jesus Sanchez Gonzalez J., and Ross-Ibarra J., 2011, Genetic signals of origin, spread, and introgression in a large sample of maize landraces, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108(3): 1088-1092. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1013011108
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