Legume Genomics and Genetics 2026, Vol.17, No.1, 1-13 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/lgg 8 IPRO, P98Y11, BMX6160, 97R73 RR, NS7000 IPRO, and NA5909 cultivars. Each cultivar was grown in a population scheme consisting of 500 plants per cultivar. To optimize the experimental process, 80 plants were collected from each population, and out of these 80 plants, a total of 47 were selected for the progeny trials. These progenies were then evaluated alongside control samples across two cropping seasons, 2018/2019 and 2019/2020. These progenies represent new lines derived from individual plants within the original cultivars, whereas the cultivars themselves were used as controls to represent the original commercial materials (Table 3). Table 3 Soybean cultivars used for obtaining the evaluated progenies, MG (maturity group) Cultivars MG Launched year Resistances Origin SYN1359S IPRO 5.9 2014 Resistances: glyphosate, stem canker; cyst nematode race 3; some caterpillars Syngenta BMX6160 6.0 2012 moderately resistant: phytophthora; frog-eye leaf spot. resistant: stem canker Brasmax NA5909 6.4 2008 Resistant: glyphosate; stem canker; frog-eye leaf spot; bacterial blight Nidera NS7000 IPRO 6.7 2012 Resistant: glyphosate; some caterpillars Nidera 97R73RR 7.3 2013 Resistant: glyphosate; Pioneer P98Y11 8.1 2006 Resistant: glyphosate; cyst nematode races 1 and 3 Pioneer 4.2 Experimental design The experiment was carried out in 2018/2019 cropping season using an incomplete block design (IBD). Specifically, a simple 17x17 lattice arrangement was employed, totaling 288 treatments, which included 282 progenies and 6 control varieties, corresponding to the original commercial materials: SYN1359S IPRO, P98Y11, BMX6160, 97R73 RR, NS7000 IPRO and NA5909. The experimental plots consisted of single rows, 2 m length and 0.5 m apart. In the 2019/20 cropping season, the progenies were split into two experiments based on their maturity group: early and late. The early experiment included 46 progenies from each of the early-maturing cultivars (SYN1359S IPRO, BMX6160, and NA5909), as well as the six control cultivars. The late experiment comprised 46 progenies from each of the late-maturing cultivars (NS7000, P98Y11, and 97R73), along with the same six control cultivars. Both experiments were conducted with three replications in a 12x12 lattice design. Each experimental plot consisted of two rows, 2 m in length and 0.5 m apart. The following traits were assessed: (1) Grain Yield (YIELD): was quantified as the amount harvested from each plot and expressed in kg ha-1 at 13% moisture content; (2) Days to Flowering (DF): was the number of days from sowing to the R2 stage, at which point 50% of the plants exhibit full flowering; (3) Full Maturity (FM): was the number of days from sowing until the R8 stage (full maturity) is reached, defined as the point when 90% of the plants in the plot have attained this stage, according to the criteria set by Fehr and Caviness (1977) and (4) Plant Height (PH): was measured in cm from the base to the uppermost leaf insertion. Three plants were randomly selected from each plot for measurement. 4.3 Phenotypic data analysis Data were analyzed adopting a mixed-model approach. The experiments from each year, categorized according to relative maturity groups, were analyzed individually using model one. (1) y=μ+Xrτr+Xtτt+Xgug+Xbub+Xpup+ε Where y: Observed value of the analyzed trait, μ: constant associated with all observations, Xrτr: vector of replicate fixed effect, Xtτt: vector of checks or test fixed effect, Xgug: vector of progenies effect (random), g~N(0,Iσg 2), Xbub: vector of block effect aligned with replications (random), b~N(0,Iσb 2), Xpup: vector of population effects the six cultivars (random), p~N(0,Iσ2 p) and ε: vector of associated error effect (random), ε~N(0,Iσε 2). Residual normality was verified using the Shapiro-Wilk test (Shapiro and Wilk, 1965), and homogeneity of variances across experiments was assessed using Hartley's maximum F test (Hartley, 1950). The joint analysis across environments was then performed using model two.
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