Legume Genomics and Genetics 2025, Vol.16, No.6, 297-312 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/lgg 309 and set pods later; while the peas in the fields with poor drainage were almost completely lost. This once again confirms the importance of drainage measures. Dingxi's lessons and experiences show that in years with abnormal climate, emergency management should be carried out quickly, and at the same time, the rare opportunity should be used to select suitable local varieties. Through scientific variety layout and strengthening of wet damage prevention, Dingxi's pea production losses were significantly reduced when it encountered heavy rainfall in the following years. This case reflects the active adaptation measures of the northern dryland areas to continuous rain (or short-term waterlogging): good varieties and good methods are used simultaneously to achieve stable production and reduce losses. 7.3 Protected cultivation models in mountainous central Guizhou The mountainous areas of central Guizhou have abundant rainfall and uneven temporal and spatial distribution, and continuous rainy weather frequently occurs in autumn and winter. In order to protect the production of high-value vegetable peas, some local cooperatives have begun to explore simple rainproof shed cultivation models. The rainproof shed is an arched shed built in the field, covered with a transparent film to prevent crops from being directly exposed to rain. At the same time, the shed film can be uncovered for ventilation and light when it is sunny. In 2021, the Guizhou demonstration base installed a retractable rain shelter on 20 acres of pea fields. In the autumn of this year, many places in Guizhou experienced 15 consecutive days of rain and little sunshine. In the demonstration base, due to the shelter of the shed film, most of the rainfall did not fall directly on the plants, the soil moisture was controlled, and the pea root environment was relatively good. At the same time, the shed film increased the field temperature to a certain extent, reducing the adverse effects of low temperature on the flowering period. More importantly, the rain shelter effectively prevented the soil carried by rain from splashing onto plants and flowers, thereby reducing the spread of pathogens. The incidence of gray mold and rust in the demonstration field was 50% lower than that of the open-field control. Although insufficient light during the continuous rainy period inevitably affected pod setting, the pod setting rate of peas in the greenhouse (about 65%) was still significantly higher than that of the open-field control (below 50%). This rain shelter model also has some problems: high input costs, high humidity in the greenhouse, requiring artificial ventilation, and high management requirements (Santos et al., 2018; Wang et al., 2022). However, a comprehensive economic benefit evaluation shows that in a high-humidity mountain environment such as Guizhou, the rain shelter can ensure the normal production of peas in the off-season or rainy season, and the market price also makes up for the facility investment. Through exploration in recent years, some cooperatives have improved the design, such as using a simple device with a rollable film to facilitate flexible opening and closing under different weather conditions; at the same time, drip irrigation is introduced to control the humidity in the greenhouse. The local government also provides certain subsidies to encourage this type of facility agriculture. This exploration in Guizhou provides a new idea for solving the problem of continuous rain, that is, using facilities to convert open-field cultivation into semi-protected cultivation, creating a controllable microclimate, and minimizing the impact of continuous rain on vegetables such as peas. In the future, with the advancement of materials and technology, rain shelters are expected to be more economical and practical, and be promoted and applied in areas with frequent continuous rain. 8 Concluding Remarks Continuous rainy weather has an adverse effect on the pod setting rate of peas in many ways. First, continuous rainy weather leads to a serious lack of light, which limits the photosynthesis of peas and causes a shortage of nutrient supply, resulting in an increase in flower and pod drop. This is the primary factor for the decline in pod setting rate. Secondly, continuous rainy weather causes excessive soil moisture, which hinders root respiration and nutrient absorption, weakens the physiological functions of the plant, and makes it difficult to maintain normal pod setting. In addition, high humidity also promotes the prevalence of flowering and pod diseases such as gray mold, directly destroys pea flower organs and hinders pollination and fertilization. The above three aspects (weak light, waterlogging, and diseases) often occur simultaneously and overlap with each other, causing the pod setting rate of peas to be significantly reduced under continuous rainy weather. Once a long-lasting and high-intensity continuous rainy process occurs, peas may experience large-scale pod drop and a significant decrease in yield.
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