Legume Genomics and Genetics 2025, Vol.16, No.6, 297-312 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/lgg 306 over in rainy weather. It is better to plant them sparsely and increase the firmness of the support. Production practice has shown that in years with continuous rain, the incidence of peas in fields with moderately reduced density is significantly reduced, and the number of pods and yield are higher than those in overcrowded fields. It should be emphasized that the density should be considered in combination with the characteristics of the variety: the density of varieties with strong branching ability should be lower, while the density of varieties with less branches can be slightly higher. By optimizing the planting varieties and density layout, the adaptability of the pea population to the continuous rainy environment can be improved at the source, and the impact of disasters can be minimized. 6.2 Pre-rain regulation and drainage infrastructure In the face of continuous rainy weather, taking farmland engineering and cultivation control measures in advance is the key to preventing and reducing damage. First of all, before the rain comes, the field drainage system should be ensured to be unobstructed. Digging ditches and arranging soil is an important part of pea planting. Especially when planting in the rainy season, it is necessary to "match the ditches". There should be vertical and horizontal ditches around and in the middle of the field so that the water in the field can be quickly drained within one or two days after the rain (Singh et al., 2021). Permanent drainage facilities can be built in places with conditions, such as underground drainage systems or small water pumps installed in low-lying areas of the field. Practice has shown that perfect field ditches can shorten the duration of waterlogging by at least 30%, thereby greatly reducing the root flooding time and increasing the survival and pod setting rate of peas in continuous rain. Secondly, in response to the meteorological forecast of continuous rain, appropriate control measures can be taken before the rain. For example, before the rainy season in the Yangtze River Basin, local agricultural technical departments will remind farmers to carry out inter-row tillage and soil loosening before the continuous rain begins to increase soil aeration and improve the plant's resistance to lodging (Rajpoot, 2021). For another example, spraying a protective fungicide once before the rain can form a drug film on the plant surface to prevent pathogen infection during the continuous rain, which is widely used in vegetable production. For peas grown in greenhouses, the greenhouse can be properly closed to keep warm when continuous rain comes, reducing the direct invasion of dampness and cold on crops. At the same time, the circulating fan in the greenhouse can be turned on to enhance air flow and prevent excessive humidity. In addition, continuous rain often has low temperatures, and cold prevention measures should be taken in advance, such as covering with non-woven fabrics and small arch sheds, to reduce low temperature damage. In addition to field and cultivation management, agricultural meteorological services should also keep up. The meteorological department should issue continuous rain warnings in a timely manner to allow farmers to harvest mature crops early and postpone sensitive agricultural operations. For example, for peas at the end of the grain filling stage, if long-term heavy rainfall is predicted, farmers can be advised to harvest some mature pods early to avoid mildew in the rain. For another example, in the northern region, if continuous rain in autumn may delay the sowing of winter wheat, government departments will issue guidance, requiring farmers to rush to plant in the intervals after the rain stops, and provide technical support such as increasing the application of seed fertilizer for late-sown wheat. Through the two-pronged approach of "engineering + management", taking corresponding measures before, during and after the continuous rain can effectively reduce the damage of excessive soil moisture and low temperature and high humidity to peas. 6.3 Use of plant growth regulators and nutrient compensation techniques In addition to varieties and engineering measures, the application of modern agricultural technologies such as plant growth regulators and nutritional compensation methods can also help reduce the adverse effects of continuous rain on pea pod formation. Plant growth regulators include a variety of substances with similar effects to plant hormones, and proper use can regulate the growth and development process of crops. In the face of weak light stress caused by continuous rain, some growth retardants can be used to prevent leggy growth and lodging. For example, on soybeans, spraying growth retardants such as oxadiazole can effectively control excessive plant growth and enhance stress resistance. Similarly, if long-term rain is predicted before peas enter the flowering period, an appropriate amount of retardant can be sprayed to keep the plant compact and reduce the adverse effects of stem and leaf growth on pod formation during continuous rain. In addition, growth-promoting regulators
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