Legume Genomics and Genetics 2025, Vol.16, No.6, 253-269 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/lgg 267 amount of water, fertilizer, land and other resources consumed per unit yield is reduced, reflecting a higher input-output ratio and environmental friendliness. For example, by reducing the use of excessive nitrogen fertilizer and increasing nitrogen fixation in legumes, not only the yield is maintained, but also the loss of nitrogen fertilizer and greenhouse gas emissions are reduced. It can be said that this synergistic optimization achieves the unity of yield, efficiency and environmental benefits. In addition, this strategy also provides a reference for other crops. Although this study focuses on legumes, the principle of synergistic increase in yield by dense planting and fertilization is also applicable to cereals, potatoes, etc., and can be extended to the concept of integrated cultivation management. The synergistic value of optimizing dense planting and fertilization strategies is reflected in the fact that the increase in yield and efficiency far exceeds that of a single technology, which is of great significance for improving the quality and efficiency of modern agriculture and saving costs and reducing pollution. In the future promotion of agricultural science and technology, this integrated management approach should be vigorously advocated to achieve higher-level goals of increasing grain production and sustainable agricultural development. Looking to the future, with the in-depth understanding of crop growth mechanisms and agricultural information technology, dense planting and fertilization optimization will move towards a more precise and intelligent direction. At the regional scale, differentiated legume cultivation patterns can be formulated based on the climate, soil and production conditions of different ecological zones. For example, "dense planting + water-fertilizer integration" is promoted in water-rich areas, "low density + fertilizer conservation and fertilization" is promoted in dry and thin land, and "reasonable dense planting + drone variable fertilization" is explored in plain areas with high mechanization levels. Through big data and model simulation, the optimal density and fertilization schemes in different regions and years can be predicted to guide farmers to make decisions in advance. In field management, the development of precision sowing and intelligent fertilization equipment makes it possible to achieve precise dense planting and precise fertilization. Variable seeders can divide and differentiate fields according to soil fertility or historical yields to ensure that more seedlings are left in fertile land and fewer seedlings are left in barren land, so as to achieve density space optimization. Similarly, technologies such as soil nutrient remote sensing and plant nutrition diagnosis can instantly guide the adjustment of fertilizer amount and ratio to avoid general "one-size-fits-all" fertilization. With the help of IoT monitoring and artificial intelligence decision-making systems, farmers can "drive" farmland like driving a car, dynamically adjusting density and nutrients to adapt to weather changes and crop growth. These technological advances will greatly improve the level of refinement of dense planting and fertilization management, and further release the potential for increased production of legumes. At the same time, under the guidance of the "carbon peak and carbon neutrality" strategy and green agricultural policies, the dense planting and fertilization mode that reduces fertilizer and increases efficiency and improves the utilization of legume nitrogen fixation has broad development prospects. Legume crops such as soybeans are considered to be one of the important means to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and reduce carbon footprint in the agricultural field because of their nitrogen fixation. Promoting dense planting of legumes to improve land productivity and supplemented by scientific fertilization to reduce dependence on chemical fertilizers is in line with the requirements of green development. It can be foreseen that in the future, the country will pay more attention to the research and development and promotion of such technologies in the revitalization of soybeans and the protection of cultivated land. With the establishment of a regionalized precision management system and the improvement of farmers' scientific literacy, optimizing dense planting and fertilization strategies will bring steady increases in production for legumes on a larger scale, and achieve quality improvement, efficiency enhancement and sustainable development of my country's legume production. While ensuring food security, this path will also contribute China’s experience to the global response to agricultural resource and environmental challenges, and help build a new agricultural pattern of high yield, high efficiency, resource conservation and environmental friendliness.
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