Legume Genomics and Genetics 2025, Vol.16, No.6, 253-269 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/lgg 263 5.3 Comparison of application results and farmer feedback By comparing the high-yield dense planting and fertilization demonstration results in two typical areas, Zhumadian, Henan and Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, it can be seen that although there are obvious differences in crop types and ecological conditions, "dense planting + optimized fertilization" as a yield-increasing cultivation strategy has shown good adaptability and promotion potential in the main peanut and soybean producing areas in the north and south. The peanut demonstration area in Zhumadian has achieved a 15% to 20% increase in yield per mu by reasonable density increase and combined with soil testing and formula fertilization and slow-release fertilizer deep application technology. The yield increase of the best treatment reached nearly 27.3%, and the root rooting depth and disease resistance were significantly improved. On the basis of optimizing the sowing period and density, Qiqihar soybeans achieved an average yield of more than 300 kilograms per mu through targeted fertilization (stabilizing phosphorus, increasing potassium, and applying molybdenum), which was more than 10% higher than the conventional yield. At the same time, the protein and fat content of the grains were both improved, and the quality did not decrease but increased. From the perspective of the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, the demonstration fields in both places showed that reasonable dense planting and supporting fertilization had a positive effect on enhancing the group's stress resistance. The incidence of leaf spot and root rot in the peanut fields in Zhumadian was about 5 percentage points lower than that in the control. There was no concentrated outbreak of diseases caused by high density in the soybean fields in Qiqihar, indicating that high-density management will not cause ecological imbalance in the group under the premise of ensuring nutrient supply. Enhanced root vitality and improved pod distribution are also advantageous features reflected in the demonstrations in both places. In terms of farmer feedback, the two trials were welcomed by growers. Farmers in Zhumadian generally recognized the "high yield and stable income" effect brought by dense planting and fertilization, and because some slow-release fertilizers replaced conventional fertilizers, the input cost did not increase significantly, and the average income per mu increased by more than 100 yuan; the Qiqihar demonstration further verified that under the support of the national soybean subsidy policy, the benefits brought by high-density cultivation were significantly better than the cost increase. Farmers generally said that as long as the yield increased by more than 0.1 tons/hectare, the input could be covered, and the demonstration area generally exceeded 0.2 tons/hectare, with good economic returns. The practical results of the two places show that the integrated application of dense planting and precision fertilization technology has become an important path to break through the current bottleneck of crop yields. Improving the group yield level on the basis of ensuring the growth quality of individual plants, taking into account both ecological and economic benefits, has important reference value for promoting the high-yield and high-quality development of grain and cash crops in different ecological zones in the north and south. 6 Agronomic and Economic Benefit Evaluation 6.1 Cost input and fertilizer utilization efficiency analysis When evaluating the dense planting and fertilization optimization strategy, we should not only look at the yield benefit, but also consider the changes in cost input and resource utilization efficiency. Dense planting often means that more seeds and possible pest control costs need to be invested, but its yield increase benefits can usually make up for these investments. If dense planting has a significant yield increase benefit, the seed cost and management cost per unit output will decrease, which will increase the marginal benefit. From the case study of this study, the seed usage of Zhumadian high-density treatment increased by about 15%, which is equivalent to an increase in cost of about 150 yuan/hectare, but the output value increased by more than 1,000 yuan/hectare, and the cost-benefit ratio was significantly improved. On the other hand, the impact of optimized fertilization strategy on cost and efficiency is more direct: nitrogen reduction measures can reduce the input of expensive nitrogen fertilizers, and although the increase in potassium fertilizers increases costs, the utilization rate of potassium fertilizers is usually improved and the residual effect can last for many years.
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