Legume Genomics and Genetics 2025, Vol.16, No.3, 108-127 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/lgg 125 "biofertilizers" to facilitate large-scale promotion and application. On the other hand, field practice also raises new topics for scientific research. The bottlenecks encountered by farmers in promoting symbiotic nitrogen fixation technology (such as sometimes local ineffective bacteria in the soil interfere with the inoculation effect, or high temperature and drought cause the activity of microbial agents to decrease, etc.) need to be solved through scientific research. This benign interaction will accelerate the improvement of technology and truly achieve "good technology can be used and used well". At the same time, a long-term observation platform should be established to track and monitor the comprehensive benefits of the legume symbiotic system in different farmland ecosystems, providing a scientific basis for policy formulation and optimization. For example, through years of positioning experiments, the amount of nitrogen reduction and emission reduction can be quantified, providing data support for the government to promote legume rotation. With the pursuit of sustainable agricultural development, the importance of the symbiotic relationship between legume crops and soil microorganisms will become more prominent. We have reason to expect that in the future ecological agricultural landscape, legume crops will flourish in wheat fields, rice fields or under orchards, and cooperate with invisible microorganisms to jointly build a self-sufficient and cyclical farmland ecosystem. Fertilizers and pesticides will fade out as a result, and will be replaced by effective management of biodiversity and ecological processes. All this requires the joint efforts of scientific research, technology and policies, as well as a change in the concept of agricultural producers. Judging from the current trend, countries are already taking action: the revitalization of legume green manure in many regions, the revival of crop rotation brought by soybeans and corn, and the rise of the microbial fertilizer industry are all positive signals. Looking to the future, we look forward to integrating traditional wisdom with modern technology through continuous innovation to maximize the potential of the legume-microorganism symbiotic system. While ensuring food security, we will reduce environmental costs and maintain ecological balance while increasing output. The "partnership" between legumes and microorganisms will make a "big contribution" to the sustainable development of agriculture. As long as we make good use of and carefully care for this symbiotic bond, the future of agriculture will surely be greener, healthier and more hopeful. Acknowledgments We would like to express our gratitude to the reviewers for their valuable feedback, which helped improve the manuscript. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Al-Arjani A.B.F., Hashem A., amd Abd-Allah E.F., 2020, Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi modulates dynamics tolerance expression to mitigate drought stress in Ephedra foliata Boiss, Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 27(2): 380-394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.10.008 Bakhoum N., El-Borai A., Seleem M., and Darwesh O.M., 2018, Rhizobial inoculation enhances legume productivity and soil fertility in degraded sandy soils, Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 64(8): 1080-1091. https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2017.1405360 Chen W., Wang J., and Lin Y., 2020, Legume-induced microbial community shifts support restoration of degraded soils via nitrogen fixation and plant-microbe interactions, Applied Soil Ecology, 147: 103407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2019.103407 Cheng H., Hu W., Zhou X., Dong R., Liu G., Li Q., and Zhang X., 2022, Fruit tree legume herb intercropping orchard system is an effective method to promote the sustainability of systems in a karst rocky desertification control area, Forests, 13(10): 1536. https://doi.org/10.3390/f13101536 Díaz-Valle A., López-Calleja A.C., and Álvarez-Venegas R., 2019, Enhancement of pathogen resistance in common bean plants by inoculation with Rhizobium etli, Frontiers in Plant Science, 10: 1317. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.01317 Ding B., Feng M.S., Wang R., Chang L., Jiang Y., Xie J.X., and Wang L.B., 2024, Effects of different fertilizer application rates and rhizobia interaction on growth and efficiency of peanut, Guangdong Agricultural Sciences, 51(12): 131-141. https://doi.org/10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2024.12.012
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