Legume Genomics and Genetics 2025, Vol.16, No.3, 108-127 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/lgg 124 technical manuals, etc., such as seed dressing with rhizobia agents, and appropriate control of inorganic nitrogen supply during the seedling stage, so as to maximize the utilization of symbiotic nitrogen fixation. At the same time, the "one spray, multiple effects" or "symbiotic package" technology should be promoted. For example, biological fertilizers can be sprayed on leguminous crops, which not only provide rhizobia but also contain growth-promoting bacteria and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, so as to achieve multiple effects in one application and increase farmers' enthusiasm for adoption (El Attar et al., 2019; Kajić et al., 2020). The construction of demonstration bases is also very important. Typical areas can be selected to establish comparative fields for leguminous rotation, green manure utilization and microbial agent application to intuitively demonstrate their yield increase and environmental protection effects and change traditional concepts. Finally, in terms of scientific research and education, it is necessary to cultivate interdisciplinary talents and strengthen basic research investment. Symbiotic nitrogen fixation involves fields such as microbiology, plant nutrition, and soil science, and compound talents are needed to promote technology integration and innovation. Colleges and universities and research institutes should strengthen the training of relevant professional talents, such as offering courses on biological nitrogen fixation and ecological agriculture to attract young scientists to join this field. At the same time, the country should continue to support basic research such as the mechanism of symbiotic nitrogen fixation and the development of new microbial agents. Only by making breakthroughs in in-depth mechanism research can we provide a steady stream of new ideas for application. For example, attempts to achieve root nodule symbiosis of rice and other cereal crops through synthetic biology, despite the difficulties, will bring disruptive changes once successful. Another example is the exploration of symbiotic strains in extreme environments, which can provide reserves for future agricultural challenges under climate change. Scientific research should also be closely integrated with practical problems, develop special symbiotic technologies for the needs of different industries (rice fields, orchards, grasslands, etc.), and establish a complete field monitoring and evaluation system. Through industry-university-research cooperation, laboratory results can be quickly transformed into new varieties, new bacterial agents, and new models that farmers can use, truly realizing the leadership of science and technology in the sustainable transformation of regional agriculture. 8 Concluding Remarks The symbiotic relationship between legume crops and soil microorganisms (especially nitrogen-fixing rhizobia and mycorrhizal fungi) is a valuable asset given by nature to agricultural ecosystems. This study reviews the biological basis and ecological benefits of this symbiotic system. It can be seen that it not only provides nitrogen nutrients for legumes themselves, achieving efficient and low-consumption production; it also improves the soil environment by promoting the accumulation of soil organic matter, activating soil enzymes and optimizing soil structure; at the same time, it enhances the resistance of legumes to adversities such as drought and salinity, as well as pests and diseases, and reduces the risks of agricultural production. At the ecological level, the legume-microorganism symbiotic system helps to reduce the use of fertilizers and pesticides, reduce agricultural greenhouse gas emissions, restore the functions of degraded soils, and improve the diversity and stability of agricultural ecosystems. These effects make it an indispensable component of sustainable agriculture. It can be said that without the extensive participation of legumes and their symbiotic nitrogen fixation, there will be no complete nutrient cycle chain in the agricultural ecosystem; and by making full use of this symbiotic relationship, we can partially get rid of our dependence on fossil resources and move towards a greener and more efficient agricultural model. Looking ahead, achieving greater achievements of legume-microbe symbiosis in agriculture requires a close combination of research and practice. On the one hand, research work should move from the laboratory to the field, and continuously optimize technology for actual production problems. For example, according to the soil and crop conditions in different regions, select local excellent symbiotic strains and develop commercialized microbial agents, improve the operating procedures of seed dressing and seed soaking for legume crops, and improve the field effect and stability of microbial agents. For example, in planting areas with a high degree of mechanization, develop coated microbial agents suitable for mechanical sowing or slow-release nitrogen-fixing
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