Legume Genomics and Genetics 2025, Vol.16, No.3, 108-127 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/lgg 122 7 Technological Integration and Pathways for Green Development 7.1 Integration of legume-microbe systems with emerging agricultural technologies To fully unleash the potential of legume-microorganism symbiosis system, it is necessary to combine it with new modern agricultural technologies to form synergistic effects. First, in terms of biotechnology, the optimization of microbial agents and inoculation technology is key. With the advancement of isolation and identification technology of nitrogen-fixing bacteria and growth-promoting bacteria, we can screen and obtain more efficient and more adaptable strains to the local environment to make inoculants. For example, commercial soybean rhizobium agents have been promoted in many countries around the world, and their application has significantly increased soybean yield and protein content. In the future, through genetic engineering, we may cultivate improved rhizobia strains with stronger nitrogenase activity, wider host range, and even plant growth stimulants. Some studies have attempted to knock out genes that negatively regulate symbiosis in rhizobia or introduce exogenous stress resistance genes, and the results show that the symbiotic adaptability of strains can be enhanced. At the same time, synthetic biology can also be used to design "modular" symbiotic systems, such as transferring essential genes for legume nodulation into certain non-legume crops to enable them to acquire nodulation-like abilities (Dong and Cao, 2019). Although it is still far from practical use, it has been listed as one of the potential revolutionary technologies to solve the global nitrogen fertilizer problem. In terms of crop breeding, it is also necessary to pay attention to the improvement of traits related to the interaction between leguminous crops and symbiotic microorganisms. Traditional breeding focuses on yield, and the selection of symbiotic nitrogen fixation ability is insufficient. At present, breeding work on soybeans, alfalfa, etc. has begun to evaluate the nodulation and nitrogen fixation efficiency of varieties, and high nitrogen fixation efficiency is one of the breeding goals. In addition, stress-tolerant symbiotic varieties are also a direction, such as screening out leguminous varieties that can still effectively nodulate under low phosphorus, drought, and salinity conditions. In recent years, molecular breeding methods have helped us find many key symbiotic genes, which provides tools for targeted improvement. For example, gene editing can be used to knock out host genes that negatively regulate nodulation, or overexpress genes that regulate the positive pathway of symbiosis, thereby cultivating "more microbial-friendly" crops. Some experiments have successfully achieved cases of editing receptor kinase genes to increase the number of nodules in Medicago truncatula, providing a model for other legumes. Modern agricultural technology also includes the integration of precision planting and information technology. We can use sensors to monitor nitrogen dynamics and plant nutrition in the soil, and combine model decision-making to reduce nitrogen fertilizer application during the period when symbiotic nitrogen fixation is strongest, so as to achieve the best match between fertilizer input and biological nitrogen fixation. UAV remote sensing technology can identify whether leguminous crops are nodulated normally, and feedback the symbiotic effect through plant growth and leaf color to guide field management. Agricultural big data and artificial intelligence can also be used to predict and optimize symbiotic systems. For example, according to meteorological forecasts of symbiotic nitrogen fixation potential, the sowing ratio or inoculation amount can be adjusted in advance to avoid unfavorable conditions. More cutting-edge rhizosphere microbiome can monitor soil microbial community succession through gene sequencing and analysis, so as to determine whether the leguminous symbiotic system is running healthily. Once the proportion of beneficial bacteria is found to decrease, the microbial agent can be supplemented in time or the planting plan can be adjusted. The introduction of these intelligent and precise tools will greatly improve the controllability and efficiency of legume-microorganism symbiosis in agricultural production, and give traditional "biological means" the wings of modern technology. 7.2 Synergy with ecological farming models The legume crop-microorganism symbiotic system naturally fits the concept of ecological agriculture and has broad application space in organic agriculture, circular agriculture and other models. First of all, the use of chemical synthetic nitrogen fertilizers is prohibited in organic planting systems, and legume symbiotic nitrogen fixation becomes one of the main sources of nitrogen. Therefore, organic farms widely adopt legume green
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjQ4ODYzNA==