Legume Genomics and Genetics 2025, Vol.16, No.3, 108-127 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/lgg 120 experiment to investigate the effects of rhizobium seed dressing on peanut growth and benefits under different nitrogen reduction fertilization levels. The experiment set up six nitrogen application levels, including conventional fertilization (100% nitrogen) and nitrogen reduction of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%. Peanuts with rhizobia seed dressing were planted at each level, and conventional fertilization without seed dressing was used as a control. The results showed that inoculation with rhizobia significantly increased the number of nodules and growth of peanut plants, and this gain was more obvious under nitrogen reduction treatment. In particular, in the treatment of 40% nitrogen reduction (nitrogen application rate was only 60% of the conventional one) and rhizobia inoculation, the growth indicators of peanuts were the best: the number of nodules reached the maximum at the flowering needle stage, which was 2.3 more per plant than the control (no nitrogen reduction and no inoculation), and agronomic traits such as plant height, lateral branch length, and number of effective branches were all improved. Finally, the peanut yield of this treatment reached 5 216 kg/hm2, an increase of 5.3% over the control, and the net income increased by 2 526 yuan/hm2, with significant benefits. On the contrary, the peanut yield under the pure nitrogen reduction treatment without inoculation decreased significantly with the increase of nitrogen reduction, and a significant reduction occurred when the nitrogen reduction was more than 80%. This shows that the appropriate nitrogen reduction combined with inoculation can achieve the "stable yield and increased efficiency" of peanuts, which not only reduces the amount of chemical fertilizers but also maintains the yield and income. Figure 2 Bacterial abundance (A, B) and richness (C, D) in soybean field trials at the flowering–podding stage (A, C) and maturity stage (B, D). CK: non-inoculated control in soil; PK, superphosphorus and potassium chloride; PK + N, PK chemical fertilizers plus urea; PK + R, PK chemical fertilizers plus Bradyrhizobium japonicum 5821. Different letters above bars indicate significant differences (one-way ANOVA, p < 0.05, Duncan’s multiple-range test) among different treatments at each growth stage. The overall effects of growth stage (G), rhizosphere effect (R), and treatment (T) on bacterial abundance and Shannon index were evaluated by three-way ANOVA, with the results shown at the top of the figure. *0.01 < p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001 (Adopted from Wei et al., 2023)
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