Legume Genomics and Genetics 2025, Vol.16, No.2, 81-90 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/lgg 88 On the other hand, the advancement of technological means has also promoted the "breaking out of the circle" of research. Whether it is metagenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, or high-throughput sequencing platforms, these tools have made the mining of candidate genes and regulatory networks faster and more accurate. And gene editing tools like CRISPR-Cas are no longer "cold technologies" in the laboratory; they have begun to be used in the actual breeding design of soybeans. Further attempts also include the artificial regulation of the microbiome, such as designing specific microbiota to adapt to certain soybean genotypes. This kind of "customized" operation, which is expected to simultaneously enhance tumor formation, nitrogen fixation and stress resistance, is not a theoretical assumption but is gradually becoming a reality. Looking ahead, the focus may not be on how many new genes are discovered, but rather on how to integrate the existing multi-omics data, environmental information and variety responses. Especially under low-input or adverse conditions, to maximize the value of symbiotic efficiency, strategies such as co-inoculation of strains and microbiome remodeling are worth further attempts. In the long run, the approach that combines signal gene regulation, biome management and precision breeding may be the breakthrough for sustainable soybean production - using less chemical fertilizers and protecting the soil. This is not only the goal but also the direction of action. Acknowledgments The authors would like to express their gratitude to the anonymous referees and the editor for their constructive comments and valuable suggestions. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Ahmad M., Rehman N., Yu S., Zhou Y., Haq B., Wang J., Li P., Zeng Z., and Zhao J., 2019, GmMAX2-D14 and -KAI interactions-mediated SL and KAR signaling play essential roles in soybean root nodulation, The Plant Journal, 101(2): 334-351. https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.14545 Buhian W., and Bensmihen S., 2018, Mini-review: Nod factor regulation of phytohormone signaling and homeostasis during rhizobia-legume symbiosis, Frontiers in Plant Science, 9: 1247. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.01247 Chen X., Hu X., Wang H., Liu J., Peng Y., He C., He M., and Wang X., 2023, GmBES1-1 dampens the activity of GmNSP1/2 to mediate brassinosteroid inhibition of nodulation in soybean, Plant Communications, 4(6): 100627. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100627 Cheng C., Li C., Wang D., Zhai L., and Cai Z., 2018, The soybean GmNARK affects ABA and salt responses in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana, Frontiers in Plant Science, 9: 514. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.00514 Choudhury S., and Pandey S., 2024, SymRK regulates G-protein signaling during nodulation in soybean (Glycine max) by modifying RGS phosphorylation and activity, Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions, 37(11): 765-775. https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-04-24-0036-R Darwish D., Ali M., Abdelkawy A., Zayed M., Alatawy M., and Nagah A., 2022, Constitutive overexpression of GsIMaT2 gene from wild soybean enhances rhizobia interaction and increase nodulation in soybean (Glycine max), BMC Plant Biology, 22: 431. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-022-03811-6 Fernandez-Göbel T., Deanna R., Muñoz N., Robert G., Asurmendi S., and Lascano R., 2019, Redox systemic signaling and induced tolerance responses during soybean-Bradyrhizobium japonicuminteraction: involvement of Nod factor receptor and autoregulation of nodulation, Frontiers in Plant Science, 10: 141. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.00141 Gao J., Xu P., Wang M., Zhang X., Yang J., Zhou Y., Murray J., Song C., and Wang E., 2021, Nod factor receptor complex phosphorylates GmGEF2 to stimulate ROP signaling during nodulation, Current Biology, 31: 3538-3550. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2021.06.011 Geurts R., Fedorova E., and Bisseling T., 2005, Nod factor signaling genes and their function in the early stages of Rhizobiuminfection, Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 8(4): 346-352. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PBI.2005.05.013 Gresshoff P., Su C., Su H., Hastwell A., Cha Y., Zhang M., Grundy E., Chu X., Ferguson B., and Li X., 2025, Functional genomics dissection of the nodulation autoregulation pathway (AON) in soybean (Glycine max), Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 67(3): 762-772. https://doi.org/10.1111/jipb.13898
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