Legume Genomics and Genetics 2025, Vol.16, No.1, 33-43 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/lgg 41 be operated with extreme caution, otherwise it is easy to affect the growth of the plant. There is another practical finding - the photosynthetic gene activity of soybeans is locked to the circadian rhythm, which suggests that we should "act according to the weather" in field management and take corresponding measures when photosynthetic activity is the strongest. The most remarkable one is the Global Gene co-expression network, which is like obtaining the "circuit diagram" of soybean photosynthesis and can precisely locate the most critical control nodes. These discoveries not only make the breeding goals clearer, but may also give rise to a brand-new set of high-yield cultivation techniques. The key to soybean photosynthesis still depends on the expression of regulatory genes. These genes are like conductors of a band, regulating various processes such as chlorophyll synthesis and circadian rhythm regulation. Now, by integrating genetic, molecular biology, and physiological data, we have finally figured out how these genes form cliques and cooperate with each other. However, to truly apply the discoveries in the laboratory to the fields, there are still several hurdles to overcome. The next focus should be on finding ways to transform these achievements into tangible varieties, such as cultivating genetically modified soybeans that are both high-yielding and drought resistant. The star genes GmRPI2 and GmGATA58 do provide direction for breeding, but the specific operation to maximize strengths and avoid weaknesses still requires repeated experimentation. If these regulatory genes can be used properly, it will not only increase soybean production, but also greatly benefit food security and promote green agriculture. Of course, this requires close collaboration between researchers and breeding experts to gradually turn laboratory results into crops in farmers' fields. Acknowledgments We are grateful to Dr. Zhou and Dr. Liu for their assistance with the helpful discussions during the course of this research. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Alam I., Manghwar H., Zhang H., Yu Q., and Ge L., 2022, Identification of GOLDEN2-like transcription factor genes in soybeans and their role in regulating plant development and metal ion stresses, Frontiers in Plant Science, 13: 1052659. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1052659 Baek D., Cho H., Cha Y., Jin B., Lee S., Park M., Chun H., and Kim M., 2023, Soybean calmodulin-binding transcription activators, GmCAMTA2 and GmCAMTA8, coordinate the circadian regulation of developmental processes and drought stress responses, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(14): 11477. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241411477 Chu S., Li H., Zhang X., Yu K., Chao M., Han S., and Zhang D., 2018, Physiological and proteomics analyses reveal low-phosphorus stress affected the regulation of photosynthesis in soybean, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(6): 1688. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19061688 Halpape W., Wulf D., Verwaaijen B., Stasche A., Zenker S., Sielemann J., Tschikin S., Viehöver P., Sommer M., Weber A., Delker C., Eisenhut M., and Bräutigam A., 2023, Transcription factors mediating regulation of photosynthesis, bioRxiv, 522973: 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.01.06.522973 Hu D., Li X., Yang Z., Liu S., Hao D., Chao M., Zhang J., Yang H., Su X., Jiang M., Lu S., Zhang D., Wang L., Kan G., Wang H., Cheng H., Jiao W., Huang F., Tian Z., and Yu D., 2022, Downregulation of a gibberellin 3β-hydroxylase enhances photosynthesis and increases seed yield in soybean, The New Phytologist, 235(2): 502-517. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.18153 Jiang L., Wang P., Jia H., Wu T., Yuan S., Jiang B., Sun S., Zhang Y., Wang L., and Han T., 2023, Haplotype analysis of GmSGF14 gene family reveals its roles in photoperiodic flowering and regional adaptation of soybean, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(11): 9436. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24119436 Kannan K., Wang Y., Lang M., Challa G., Long S., and Marshall-Colón A., 2019, Combining gene network, metabolic, and leaf-level models show means to future-proof soybean photosynthesis under rising CO2, bioRxiv, 582981: 1-35. https://doi.org/10.1101/582981 Keller B., Soto J., Steier A., Portilla-Benavides A., Raatz B., Studer B., Walter A., Muller O., and Urban M., 2023, Linking photosynthesis and yield reveals a strategy to improve light use efficiency in a climbing bean breeding population, Journal of Experimental Botany, 75(3): 901-916. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erad416
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