Legume Genomics and Genetics 2025, Vol.16, No.1, 33-43 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/lgg 38 Agrobacterium, the results were quite interesting - not only did the photosynthetic capacity of soybeans increase, but their leaves also became greener (Sun et al., 2023). There is a more practical example. By tamping the E2 gene that controls the flowering time and its homologues, single mutations and double mutations were created. Unexpectedly, it had a particularly significant impact on the flowering and harvest of soybeans in high-latitude regions (Wang et al., 2022a). However, to be fair, although gene editing is quite effective, the specific operation still depends on the target trait. After all, the function of each gene is not exactly the same. These cases at least demonstrate that using gene editing to improve the photosynthetic efficiency and other agronomic traits of soybeans is a feasible approach. Figure 2 Knockout of GmGA3ox1 increased seed yield in soybean. Morphology of Jack and gmga3ox1 mutants at harvest. Bar, 10 cm. The parts below this image are the phenotypes of the seed yield per plant of Jack and gmga3ox1 mutants. Bar, 2 cm. Seed phenotypes of Jack and gmga3ox1 mutants after harvest. Bar, 1 cm. (c–g) Comparison of 100-seed weight (c), branch number (d), pod number (e), seed number (f) and seed yield per plant (g) for Jack and gmga3ox1 mutants from 2019-Nanjing. There were 20, 15, 14, 12 and 18 Jack, KO-1a#, KO-1b#, KO-2a# and KO-2b# plants, respectively. (h) Differences in internodes between Jack and KO-1b#. The arrows indicate the node positions. Bar, 5 cm. (i) Scanning electron micrograph of longitudinal sections within the middle part of internode V between Jack and KO-1b#. Bar, 200 μm. (j, k) Cell width (j) and cell length (k) of internode V from both Jack and KO-1b# (n = 9). The error bars denote ±SEM. For (c-g), the value of each plant is represented by a dot. For (j, k), the value of each replication is represented by a dot. Two-tailed t-tests were used for statistical analysis. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; ns, not significant (Adopted from Hu et al., 2022) 6.3 Potential of key regulatory genes in developing climate-resilient soybean varieties When it comes to cultivating soybean varieties that can adapt to climate change, the key lies in the genes that govern both photosynthesis and stress resistance. For example, the GmSGF14 gene family is quite important, not only controlling flowering time, but also related to stress resistance - studies have found that certain haplotypes are particularly adapted to local environments (Jiang et al., 2023). The GmPRR3b gene is also very interesting. Through GWAS analysis, it was found that it can regulate the biological clock, allowing soybeans to bloom normally at different latitudes (Li et al., 2020). However, in actual breeding, it has been found that the effects of
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjQ4ODYzNA==