Legume Genomics and Genetics 2024, Vol.15, No.6, 303-314 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/lgg 311 planting and narrow row spacing were found to expedite canopy closure and improve yield, while conventional tillage outperformed no-till systems in terms of yield. Integrated production systems involving the use of sunflower and Paiaguas palisadegrass biomass also demonstrated improved soybean yields and soil health. Sustainable management practices, such as no-tillage with residue retention, were effective in reducing greenhouse gas emissions while maintaining yield. Future research should focus on the following areas to further optimize soybean yield through integrated agronomic management. Long-term Impact Studies: Investigate the long-term effects of integrated nutrient management, including the use of organic amendments like FYM, on soil health and soybean productivity. Climate Resilience: Develop and evaluate agronomic practices that enhance soybean resilience to climate variability, particularly in regions prone to extreme weather events. Weed and Pest Management: Explore integrated weed and pest management strategies that minimize chemical inputs while maintaining effective control and high yields. Biotechnological Advances: Leverage biotechnological tools to improve photosynthetic efficiency, nitrogen fixation, and carbon transport in soybean plants, aiming for substantial yield gains. Sustainable Practices: Further assess the environmental benefits and economic viability of sustainable practices such as no-tillage, residue retention, and crop-livestock integration. The potential for scaling integrated agronomic practices in soybean cultivation is promising, particularly in regions with diverse agro-ecological conditions. The adoption of improved soybean varieties and agronomic practices has already shown significant yield and income gains for smallholder farmers in Malawi, suggesting a scalable model for other regions. Integrated production systems, such as those involving sunflower and Paiaguas palisadegrass, offer sustainable solutions for enhancing soil health and yield, which can be adapted to various cropping systems globally. Additionally, the implementation of precise direct seeding and straw management practices has broad applicability in double cropping systems, particularly in areas with similar climatic conditions toChina. Acknowledgments Thank you for your valuable comments and suggestions. Your rigorous attitude and professional guidance have significantly improved the quality of this paper. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Adamič S., and Leskovšek R., 2021, Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) growth, yield, and nodulation in the early transition period from conventional tillage to conservation and no-tillage systems, Agronomy, 11(12): 2477. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11122477 Ainsworth E., Yendrek C., Skoneczka J., and Long S., 2012, Accelerating yield potential in soybean: potential targets for biotechnological improvement, Plant, Cell and Environment, 35(1): 38-52. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02378.x Akhtar K., Wang W., Ren G., Khan A., Feng Y., Yang G., and Wang H., 2019, Integrated use of straw mulch with nitrogen fertilizer improves soil functionality and soybean production, Environment International, 132: 105092. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.105092 Arsenijevic N., DeWerff R., Conley S., Ruark M., and Werle R., 2021, Influence of integrated agronomic and weed management practices on soybean canopy development and yield, Weed Technology, 36: 73-78. https://doi.org/10.1017/wet.2021.92 Aydinsakir K., Dinç N., Buyuktas D., Kocaturk M., Ozkan C., and Karaca C., 2021, Water productivity of soybeans under regulated surface and subsurface drip irrigation conditions, Irrigation Science, 39: 773-787. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-021-00744-0 Battisti R., Sentelhas P., Parker P., Nendel C., Câmara G., Farias J., and Basso C., 2018, Assessment of crop-management strategies to improve soybean resilience to climate change in Southern Brazil, Crop and Pasture Science, 69: 154-162. https://doi.org/10.1071/CP17293
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