Legume Genomics and Genetics 2024, Vol.15, No.6, 291-302 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/lgg 293 Figure 1 (A) A diagram depicting various effects of drought on soybean, (B) An outline of strategies to breed drought-smart soybeans (Adopted from Arya et al., 2021) 3.2 Types of molecular markers used in MAS Several types of molecular markers are commonly used in MAS, including Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR): Also known as microsatellites, SSRs are short, repetitive DNA sequences that are highly polymorphic and widely distributed throughout the genome. They are useful for genetic mapping and diversity studies (Nugroho et al., 2020). Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP): SNPs are single base-pair variations in the DNA sequence. They are abundant and can be used for high-resolution mapping and genotyping (He et al., 2014; Patil et al., 2016; Ouyang et al., 2022). Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD): RAPD markers are generated by amplifying random segments of genomic DNA with single primers of arbitrary nucleotide sequence. They are useful for identifying genetic diversity and mapping. Kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP): KASP markers are used for genotyping and are based on competitive allele-specific PCR. They are highly specific and useful for marker-trait association studies (Eltaher et al., 2023; Zhou and Guo, 2024).
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