Legume Genomics and Genetics 2024, Vol.15, No.5, 257-269 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/lgg 263 cell wall/membrane integrity, antioxidant activity, and secondary metabolism, which are crucial for drought tolerance (Aleem et al., 2020). Similarly, integrative system biology analysis has identified significant up/downregulated DEGs and core modules that play vital roles in drought tolerance, such as photosynthesis and cytokinin dehydrogenase activity (Shahriari et al., 2022). Additionally, the identification of metabolites like coumestrol, which significantly increases under drought stress, provides potential biomarkers and targets for improving drought responses (Tripathi et al., 2016). Figure 3 Transcriptome analysis of soybean protoplasts transiently expressing GmDREB1B;1 (Adopted from Kidokoro et al., 2015) Image caption: (a) Venn diagrams comparing the up-regulated genes between the 35S:GmDREB1B;1[P] (red) and abiotic stress conditions, including cold (aqua), heat (orange), and drought (green). Genes that were significantly (FDR P < 0.01) up-regulated by more than two-fold in these transgenic plants are shown. The total numbers of the up-regulated genes are shown in parentheses. (b, c), Transcript levels of selected genes up-regulated by GmDREB1B;1 in soybean protoplasts (b) and soybean leaves subjected to abiotic stress conditions (c). The transcript amounts of each gene were measured by qRT-PCR. The amount in the protoplasts transfected with an empty vector (b) or at the start of the heat and cold stress treatments (c) was set to 1. The values represent the averages of three replicates, and the error bars indicate the SD. The conditions of the growth and stress treatments are same as in Figure 1(b). (d, f) Schematic diagram of the reporter construct used in the transactivation analysis. (e, g) Transactivation activities in soybean mesophyll protoplasts. The relative activity indicates the multiples of expression compared with the value obtained for the vector control. The error bars indicate the standard deviation of three technical replicates (Adopted from Kidokoro et al., 2015)
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