Legume Genomics and Genetics 2024, Vol.15, No.4, 199-209 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/lgg 205 related to the ownership and control of genome-edited crops, particularly in developing countries where access to advanced technologies may be limited. Public acceptance of genome-edited crops is another critical factor, as societal concerns about the safety and ethical implications of genetic modifications can influence regulatory decisions and market adoption (Mao et al., 2019). Addressing these ethical considerations through transparent communication and inclusive policy-making is essential for the responsible use of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in legume breeding. Figure 3 Diagramatic models of mutations in the cells transformed with the CRISPR/Cas9 system (Adopted from Zhang et al., 2014) Image caption: The pictures shown were from T0 plants of the OsPDS target. Typical patterns of different mosaic types are marked by red circles. (a) When both copies of the OsPDS gene are simultaneously mutated, that is, in homozygous or bi-allelic plants, all the cells are albino (Type 1). (b) A cell with one or two copies of wild-type OsPDS gene is green. So, when two copies of the OsPDS are mutated after the division of the first embryogenic cell, the resulting cells have different genotypes and the regenerated plants exhibit different chimeric phenotypes (Types 2–5) depending on when the OsPDS gene is fully mutated (Adopted from Zhang et al., 2014) 6 Future Perspectives 6.1 Innovations in CRISPR/Cas9 technology Base editing and prime editing represent significant advancements in CRISPR/Cas9 technology, allowing for precise nucleotide substitutions without inducing double-strand breaks. These methods have been successfully applied in various crops, including legumes, to introduce specific genetic changes that can enhance desirable traits such as disease resistance and nutritional quality (Chen et al., 2019; Cai et al., 2020). For instance, base editing has been utilized to modify specific genes in soybean, resulting in improved oil composition (Do et al., 2019). These innovations hold promise for creating legume varieties with enhanced traits while minimizing off-target effects and genetic instability. Multiplexed genome editing enables the simultaneous targeting of multiple genes, which is particularly beneficial for complex traits controlled by multiple genetic loci. This approach has been demonstrated in legumes, where dual gRNA systems have been used to edit homeologous genes efficiently, leading to significant phenotypic
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