Field Crop 2025, Vol.8, No.6, 284-292 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/fc 290 7.2 Supporting agronomic practices and machinery optimization Don't expect to achieve success merely by "sowing seeds". The success or failure of direct rice cultivation hinges on meticulous attention to detail. The land should be leveled in the early stage. Weeding before sowing must be done properly. Herbicides like paraquat and glyphosate should be applied in advance. During the days after sowing, it is very important to keep the soil moist. Do not let the soil be too dry or too wet. For machinery, it is recommended to choose a seeder with a metering system, such as a tilting plate or cup meter, which can control the seeding amount and plant spacing more precisely, reducing seed waste and avoiding seed damage (Sansen et al., 2019). Weed control remains an old problem. It is best to combine pre-emergence and post-emergence herbicides with mechanical weeding to ensure stable yield. In terms of fertilization, it is a common practice to apply urea deeply and control the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer. This not only enhances the absorption efficiency but is also more environmentally friendly. The selection of varieties cannot be ignored. Direct-seeded rice is more suitable for those types with solid root systems, short growth periods and strong adaptability, so that both resistance and yield can be achieved. 7.3 Policy support and feasibility for large-scale promotion To enable DSR to be implemented in more places, relying solely on technology is not enough; policy support is also crucial. For instance, subsidies for the purchase of agricultural machinery, farmer training, and the promotion of water-saving technologies are all practical measures that can encourage farmers to try DSR. In addition, some places have built confidence through demonstration projects. When farmers see the fields growing well with their own eyes, the acceptance is naturally high. However, some environmental issues also need to be taken seriously, such as soil erosion and nutrient loss. This requires policies to encourage the use of conservation tillage methods and support more targeted research. If DSR can be incorporated into national-level food security strategies or climate response plans, its promotion potential and influence will undoubtedly be greater (Dubey et al., 2024). 8 Conclusion and Prospects The promotion of mechanized direct seeding rice (DSR) in subtropical regions is not a new topic, but it is not easy to achieve a balance among yield, resource utilization and stress resistance. Recent studies have shown that an appropriate sowing period combined with a reasonable planting density can indeed make DSR perform as well as traditional transplanting, and even outperform it in some traits, such as the number of tillers and the number of grains per panicle. However, such advantages cannot be guaranteed to be reproduced under all conditions. Compared with transplanting rice, the "savings" in seed and fertilizer usage achieved by DSR seem considerable. It has indeed led to an increase in nitrogen fertilizer utilization, a reduction in production costs, and a decrease in carbon footprint. However, what growers are most concerned about is still stable production. Once management fails to keep up, soil water retention is poor, or sudden meteorological anomalies occur, the yield of direct-seeded rice may not be so "reliable". In addition, the increased difficulty in controlling weeds and the easy loss of nutrients have also made many farmers have concerns about DSR. So, for live-streamed rice to truly "stand firm", it still relies on a complete set of more meticulous agronomic solutions. Weed management, water and fertilizer regulation, and selection and breeding of suitable varieties - none of these can be missing. However, these technologies cannot rely solely on a few sets of data from experimental fields. Future research requires long-term and cross-regional tracking, especially in the context of climate change. The performance differences among different sowing Windows and density combinations are worth systematic exploration. In addition, while solving problems through seeds and management measures is one aspect, the coordination of policies, promotion and training cannot be lacking either. Even if the varieties are of the best quality and the machines are the most advanced, without appropriate technical guidance, it is hard to guarantee that the field effects will not be compromised. The next direction of efforts may focus on several key words: new materials with stronger root systems, greater stress resistance, and better ability to compete with weeds for territory. More intelligent decision support tools; There are also more sustainable nutritional and weed control methods. Only through the concerted efforts of all parties can direct seeding rice truly take root firmly in subtropical regions, achieve stable and efficient production, and be sustainable.
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