Field Crop 2025, Vol.8, No.5, 213-221 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/fc 218 help them survive periods of high temperature or drought (Lee et al., 2023). The final key still lies in the quality of the variety itself. If drought-resistant and heat-tolerant varieties are selected, along with these precise management tools, there will be more confidence in dealing with complex climates, and the yield and quality will also be more stable (Figure 2) (Mishra et al., 2017). Figure 2 Phenotypes of wild-type and OsSIZ1-transgenic cotton plants before and after heat treatment. (A) Before heat treatment. Plants were grown under normal conditions for a month. (B) Plants were treated with heat stress (37°C for 4 h/d) for 45 d before the photograph was taken. WT, wild-type; OS-1 and OS-3, two independent OsSIZ1-transgenic lines (Adopted from Mishra et al., 2017) 7 Conclusion and Future Perspectives Applying climate-smart agriculture (CSA) to cotton production is not a new topic. In the past, it was more like an advocacy, but now it is gradually becoming a practical need. Practices such as adjusting the sowing time, using stress-resistant varieties, and improving irrigation methods may seem ordinary, but they have demonstrated effects of increasing yields, conserving water and fertilizer, and even reducing emissions in many experiments and actual plantations. However, these approaches are not a one-size-fits-all solution. To truly implement them, it still depends on the coordination of localized strategies, the continuous advancement of technology, and the willingness of farmers to give them a try. Moreover, field management is no longer as simple as relying on "experience in farming". Nowadays, data sources are diverse - weather forecasts, soil moisture monitoring, and crop model outputs, all of which can be integrated into Decision support systems (DSS). Models like DSSAT and APSIM can run simulations in different scenarios and provide reference plans in advance for when to apply nitrogen fertilizer and on which day the sowing effect is best. In addition, with the real-time data integration of ICT tools, the operational space for growers has become much more flexible than before. What should I do next? I'm afraid there won't be just one way to answer. Sustainable planting, in the final analysis, is a balance achieved through the interplay of multiple factors. Policies must be supportive, technologies must be reliable, and farmers must also be able to see benefits. The terms "water conservation", "precise management" and
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