FC_2025v8n5

Field Crop 2025, Vol.8, No.5, 247-257 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/fc 254 In general, if you want to grow wheat well and harvest more, you have to start with sowing density. As long as management is based on local conditions and combined with advanced technology, farmers can increase yields, use more resources, and better cope with climate change. In the future, we must continue to study these methods and promote precision agriculture tools so that more people can benefit from them. Acknowledgments We are grateful to Dr. Ma and two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on previous manuscript of this paper. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Abati J., Brzezinski C., Zucareli C., Foloni J., and Henning F., 2018, Growth and yield of wheat in response to seed vigor and sowing densities, Revista Caatinga, 31(04): 891-899. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252018v31n411rc Acreche M., and Slafer G., 2006, Grain weight response to increases in number of grains in wheat in a Mediterranean area, Field Crops Research, 98(1): 52-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2005.12.005 Ahmad B., Rahim H., Mian I., and Ali W., 2025, Synergistic biochar-nitrogen application enhances soil fertility and compensates for nutrient deficiency, improving wheat production in calcareous soil, Sustainability, 17(5): 2321. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17052321 Chaplygin M., Zhalnin E., Shibryaeva L., and Podzorov A., 2023, Patterns of influence of winter wheat sowing density on its yield, Engineering Technologies and Systems, 33(4): 490-507. https://doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.033.202304.490-507 Chen G., Yu W., Zheng Y., Zhang L., Si J., Zhao K., Li R., Zhao D., Qu L., Zhang B., Li S., Kong L., Yang Z., and Li H., 2025a, Optimizing sowing time and density can synergistically improve the productivity and quality of strong-gluten wheat in different ecological regions of Shandong Province, Plants, 14(3): 372. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14030372 Chen J., Whalley P., Li Z., Zhang X., Hawkesford M., and Whalley W., 2025b, A new conceptual model for seed germination and seedling tillering of winter wheat in the field, Royal Society Open Science, 12(1): 240723. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.240723 Chen M., Zhu Y., Ren M., Jiang L., He J., and Dong R., 2022, Does belt uniform sowing improve winter wheat yield under high sowing density? Agronomy, 12(12): 2936. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12122936 Colombi T., and Walter A., 2017, Genetic diversity under soil compaction in wheat: root number as a promising trait for early plant vigor, Frontiers in Plant Science, 8: 420. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.00420 Cui Z., Yan B., Gao Y., Wu B., Wang Y., Xie Y., Xu P., Wang H., Wen M., Wang Y., and Ma X., 2022, Crop yield and water use efficiency in response to long-term diversified crop rotations, Frontiers in Plant Science, 13: 1024898. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1024898 Dai Y., Liao Z., Lai Z., Bai Z., Zhang F., Li Z., and Fan J., 2023, Interactive effects of planting pattern, supplementary irrigation and planting density on grain yield, water-nitrogen use efficiency and economic benefit of winter wheat in a semi-humid but drought-prone region of northwest China, Agricultural Water Management, 287: 108438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2023.108438 Ding Z., Kheir A., Ali M., Ali O., Abdelaal A., Lin X., Zhou Z., Wang B., Liu B., and He Z., 2020, The integrated effect of salinity, organic amendments, phosphorus fertilizers, and deficit irrigation on soil properties, phosphorus fractionation and wheat productivity, Scientific Reports, 10(1): 2736. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-59650-8 Dong S., Zhang J., Zha T., Dai X., and He M., 2020, Increased plant density with reduced nitrogen input can improve nitrogen use efficiency in winter wheat while maintaining grain yield, Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 66(12): 1707-1720. https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2019.1690139 Duan H., Luo C., Zhou R., Zhao L., Zhu S., Chen Y., Zhu Y., and Xiong Y., 2023, AM fungus promotes wheat grain filling via improving rhizospheric water and nutrient availability under drought and low density, Applied Soil Ecology, 193: 105159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2023.105159 Gao Y., Wang Q., Liu Y., He J., Chen W., Xing J., Sun M., Gao Z., Wang Z., Zhang M., and Zhang Y., 2025, Optimal water, nitrogen, and density management increased wheat yield by improving population uniformity, Agricultural Water Management, 310: 109362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109362 Golan G., Weiner J., Zhao Y., and Schnurbusch T., 2024, Agroecological genetics of biomass allocation in wheat uncovers genotype interactions with canopy shade and plant size, New Phytologist, 242(1): 107-120.

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