Field Crop 2025, Vol.8, No.5, 231-237 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/fc 234 In this way, not only can the total amount of fertilizer be reduced, but also the loss of fertilizer washed away by rainwater or seeping into the ground can be reduced (Barłóg et al., 2022). If some enhanced fertilizers or good bacteria (such as root-promoting microorganisms and phosphorus-dissolving microorganisms PSM) are added, the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus by crops will be better, and the risk of pollution will be lower (Figure 1) (Chen et al., 2018; Bargaz et al., 2018). Some studies have shown that for every 1% increase in the soil testing and formula fertilization rate, 0.09% less chemical fertilizer can be used and 0.04% more yield can be obtained. Figure 1 Conceptual overview illustrating the role of P solubilizing microorganisms (PSMs) in enhancing P mineral fertilizers eco-efficiency (Adopted from Bargaz et al., 2018) 6.2. Cost-benefit performance of fertilizer input Soil testing and formulating can not only increase yield, but also save fertilizer and money. Because fertilization is more accurate and there is no waste, the cost is lower. Once the yield increases, the income will increase. Some studies have found that if farmers in a region use this technology, the overall fertilizer consumption can be greatly reduced, but the yield will not drop, but increase, which is very cost-effective (Luo et al., 2013). Arranging fertilization investment according to soil conditions can also make every penny more worthwhile (Singh et al., 2021). 6.3 Controlling the risk of eutrophication of water bodies Random fertilization can easily bring excess fertilizer into the water, causing "nutrient excess" in the water body (such as algae growth), which is called eutrophication. Soil testing and formula fertilization can effectively reduce this risk by reducing excess fertilization (Micha et al., 2023; Tian et al., 2023). Some environmentally friendly fertilizers (such as coated fertilizers and slow-release fertilizers) can also slowly release nutrients, blocking rainwater erosion and preventing the fertilizer from running away all at once. These methods are critical to protecting the ecological environment, as they can ensure crop yields while protecting water and soil. 7 Case Studies 7.1 Demonstration and application of modern agricultural park in Deqing County, Zhejiang In the agricultural park in Deqing, Zhejiang, farmers used soil testing and formula fertilization, and the effect was obvious. Doing soil testing before fertilization and then combining it with organic fertilizers such as biochar can
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