Field Crop 2025, Vol.8, No.5, 222-230 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/fc 228 7.3 Outcomes: reduction in pesticide usage, yield increase, and cost savings The data from the field experiments are not particularly impressive, but they are quite substantial. The use of pesticides has decreased by about 40%, and both environmental and personal risks have been significantly reduced. More importantly, the lentils have grown more vigorously and their yield has increased by about 20% compared to before. For small-scale farmers, this improvement is tangible-the overall planting cost has dropped by 10% to 15%, and the net income has also increased accordingly (Ram, 2015). Of course, not all plots yield immediate results. Some areas may take longer to show results, but the direction is correct and it's worth persisting in. 8 Conclusions Not every lentil field is the same, and not every farmer can simply apply a fixed solution to solve the problems of weeds and pests. In some areas, pests and diseases recur frequently; in some areas, the soil conditions are special; and in some areas, farmers themselves have limited resources. So, if we want to promote integrated weed Control and pest Management (IWPM) in different regions, we must first accept the fact that the "one-size-fits-all" approach is mostly ineffective. Many studies have pointed out that the plan needs to be adapted to local conditions. For instance, some plots are suitable for increasing the sowing density, while in some areas, mechanical weeding combined with low-dose pesticides is appropriate. The key lies in the proper combination. For these combinations to truly take root, field trials and farmers' participation are indispensable. Sitting in the laboratory to design a plan is one thing, but whether it can be used in the fields and whether farmers are willing to use it is another. Furthermore, with the intensification of climate change and the mutation of pests, diseases and weeds, the originally effective management measures may also become ineffective at any time, which requires continuous monitoring and adjustment. From a policy perspective, farmers cannot go far by exploring on their own; the promotion system must keep up. Training, demonstration fields and communication platforms are all starting points for enhancing cognition. If no one teaches or demonstrates, many farmers will not easily try new methods. Of course, training alone is not enough. For policies to truly support, practical measures must be taken, such as providing subsidies to farmers who use biological control methods and offering research and development incentives to enterprises promoting pest and weed resistant varieties. In the past, policies were accustomed to emphasizing the point of "reduced drug dosage". But now, what is more important is to guide farmers to understand the benefits of the "combination strategy" : not by not using drugs, but by relying on drugs alone; It is not about completely discarding tradition, but rather incorporating ecological and biological concepts. At the same time, supporting local research, selecting seeds based on local conditions, and promoting solutions based on actual situations are more useful than simply introducing "advanced technologies". In the future, if researchers, farmers, governments and enterprises can all stand on the same line and jointly promote effective IWPM strategies, it will be possible for lentil cultivation to truly embark on a sustainable path. Policies should have the courage to encourage new attempts and also have mechanisms to reward those who "do the right thing". From knowledge, technology to the market, every link needs someone to take over in order for things to be possible. Acknowledgments I thank the anonymous reviewer for his careful review of the first draft, whose specific feedback helped us improve the manuscript. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The author affirms that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Ahmed F., Hasna M., and Emon R., 2021, Ecofriendly disease management of lentil (Lens culinaris) seedlings, Agricultural Sciences, 12(12): 1555-1564. https://doi.org/10.4236/as.2021.1212099 Alba O., Syrovy L., Duddu H., and Shirtliffe S., 2020, Increased seeding rate and multiple methods of mechanical weed control reduce weed biomass in a poorly competitive organic crop, Field Crops Research, 245: 107648. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2019.107648
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