Field Crop 2025, Vol.8, No.5, 222-230 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/fc 227 Figure 2 A schematic depicting the future road map for disease resistance breeding in lentil (Adopted from Roy et al., 2023) 7 Case Study: Integrated Weed and Pest Management (IWPM) Adoption in Central India 7.1 Overview of lentil cultivation challenges in madhya pradesh In India, when it comes to lentil production areas, Madhya Pradesh can be regarded as a "major hub". Here, the area is vast and there are many plants, but problems also come quickly. The most common problems that farmers encounter are overgrown weeds and repeated attacks by pests. Some people initially relied on chemical agents to boost their reputation, but the result was that they used more and more of them, but the effect was not necessarily better. Instead, it led to higher costs and greater environmental pressure. What's more troublesome is that drug resistance is gradually emerging, and some drugs are no longer very effective. The reality, however, is that most farmers are not familiar with alternative methods, are short of funds, have limited training and cannot keep up with promotion-it is by no means easy to get them to change their thinking (Rao and Nagamani, 2010; Rao and Chauhan, 2015). 7.2 Implementation of an integrated program To see if we could find a way out, we introduced a "mix and match" solution in the local area. Instead of immediately spraying pesticides, they started with mechanical weeding and first pressed down the weeds. Then, pheromone traps are used. Instead of directly killing the insects, it is necessary to first understand where the insects are and when they are abundant, and then deal with them collectively. As for pesticides, the biological agent based on neem was chosen-compared with those chemically synthesized products, this type of medicine is milder and has a smaller environmental impact. This entire set of solutions is actually in line with the idea advocated by the country in recent years: relying less on chemical means and more on the combined efforts of cultivation, mechanical and biological methods (Baker et al., 2020; Angon et al., 2023).
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