Field Crop 2025, Vol.8, No.4, 187-194 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/fc 192 8 Conclusions In many fields, the value of conservation tillage has actually been recognized: the soil is less prone to erosion, has stronger water retention capacity, and crops are more resilient in dry years. This is particularly evident in the barley system. The improvement of water use efficiency (WUE) is inseparable from the enhancement of soil structure, the accumulation of SOC and nutrient cycling. However, it must be admitted that when no-till was used alone, the yield declined in the early stage, especially in a cool environment. However, if combined with measures such as straw returning to the field and crop rotation, the negative impact will be weakened, and even the yield can be increased under water shortage conditions. From a systemic perspective, conservation tillage and measures such as crop cover, straw management, and crop rotation complement each other. Covering crops can suppress weeds and increase fertility. Diversified crop rotation helps regulate the stress of pests and diseases. When these are combined, in the long run, they can both enhance soil health and the resilience of agricultural systems to a higher level. One of the directions that need to be focused on in the future is the conservation tillage model adapted to local conditions-the climate and soil conditions in different regions vary, and the strategies cannot be completely copied. On the other hand, data on long-term impacts still needs to be accumulated through continuous experiments. New technologies are also indispensable, such as remote sensing monitoring and sensor systems, which can help management be more precise. As for promotion, relying solely on scientific research is not enough. Only when subsidies and technical support at the policy level keep up will farmers be willing to give it a try. Training and demonstration are also crucial; otherwise, obstacles such as mechanical barriers and management complexity will make people hesitate. Conservation tillage can only be truly popularized when the long-term benefits can be directly seen by farmers. Acknowledgments We would like to thank the anonymous peer review for their critical comments and revising suggestion. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Achankeng E., and Cornelis W., 2023, Conservation tillage effects on European crop yields: a meta-analysis, Field Crops Research, 298: 108967. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2023.108967 Ahmadi S., Seidel S., Lopez G., Kamali B., Gaiser T., Hadir S., Demie D., Andersen M., Ewert F., and Ochoa I., 2025, Root: shoot ratio of field crops under conventional and conservation tillage: a meta analysis, Soil Use and Management, 41(1): e70026. https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.70026 Bahia A., Al-Rawi M., and Bahia M., 2025, Effect of conservation agriculture on water consumption of barley and mungbean in gypsiferous desert soil, Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 56(Special): 294-302. https://doi.org/10.36103/4s615p64 Bezboruah M., Sharma S., Laxman T., Ramesh S., Sampathkumar T., Gulaiya S., Malathi G., and Krishnaveni S., 2024, Conservation tillage practices and their role in sustainable farming systems, Journal of Experimental Agriculture International, 46(9): 946-959. https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i92892 Busari M., Kukal S., Kaur A., Bhatt R., and Dulazi A., 2015, Conservation tillage impacts on soil, crop and the environment, International Soil and Water Conservation Research, 3(2): 119-129. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ISWCR.2015.05.002 Cai R.X., 2024, Herbivorous insects in barley cultivation: impact and control methods, Molecular Entomology, 15(2): 69-77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5376/me.2024.15.0009 Cambron T., Deines J., Lopez B., Patel R., Liang S., and Lobell D., 2024, Further adoption of conservation tillage can increase maize yields in the western US Corn Belt, Environmental Research Letters, 19(5): 054040. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad3f32 Cantero-Martínez C., Angás P., and Lampurlanés J., 2003, Growth, yield and water productivity of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) affected by tillage and N fertilization in Mediterranean semiarid, rainfed conditions of Spain, Field Crops Research, 84(3): 341-357. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4290(03)00101-1
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