Field Crop 2025, Vol.8, No.3, 126-138 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/fc 136 same conditions. However, if it is to be extended to other environments, further verification is still needed. It is suggested that more experiments be conducted in more places and in different years in the future, especially in breeding practice to test whether indicators such as root-crown ratio and WUE are effective. Overall, through reasonable design, standardized operation and statistical cross-validation, the quality of this batch of data is quite good and it also has certain reference value. There are still many directions that can be expanded for future research on drought tolerance of legumes. For instance, in terms of genetic resources, more drought-tolerant genes from wild soybeans and peas can be utilized and attempted to be applied to cultivated varieties. In terms of molecular mechanisms, key genes and common pathways can be identified by using methods such as transcriptomics and metabolomics. Symbiotic microorganisms such as rhizobia and mycorrhizal fungi are also worthy of attention. Screening or inoculating superior strains may enhance drought resistance. Intelligent breeding is currently quite popular. It uses AI and big data to predict the relationship between genotypes and the environment, and gene editing may also introduce drought-resistant new varieties. In agronomy, models can be combined to study the performance of different varieties under different sowing periods and densities, and to form supporting plans. Under climate change, drought is often accompanied by high temperatures. It is necessary to design composite stress experiments to screen materials that are both drought-resistant and heat-resistant. In conclusion, multi-disciplinary collaboration is needed, from mechanisms to breeding and then to field management, to strive to cultivate smarter legume varieties and provide support for agriculture in arid areas. Acknowledgments We would like to express our heartfelt thanks to all the teachers who have provided guidance for this study. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Ahmad S., Belwal V., Punia S., Ram M., Dalip, Rajput S., Kunwar R., Meena M., Gupta D., Kumawat G., Hussain T., and Mohamed H., 2022, Role of plant secondary metabolites and phytohormones in drought tolerance: a review, Gesunde Pflanzen, 75(4): 729-746. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-022-00795-z Ali Q., Javed M., Noman A., Haider M., Waseem M., Iqbal N., Waseem M., Shah M., Shahzad F., and Perveen R., 2018, Assessment of drought tolerance in mung bean cultivars/lines as depicted by the activities of germination enzymes, seedling’s antioxidative potential and nutrient acquisition, Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 64(1): 84-102. https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2017.1335393 Asfaw A., Alemayehu F., Gurum F., and Atnaf M., 2009, AMMI and SREG GGE biplot analysis for matching varieties onto soybean production environments in Ethiopia, Scientific Research and Essays, 4(11): 1322-1330. Balota M., and Oakes J., 2017, UAV remote sensing for phenotyping drought tolerance in peanuts, In: Autonomous air and ground sensing systems for agricultural optimization and phenotyping II. SPIE, 10218: 81-87. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2262496 Bao X., Hou X., Duan W., Yin B., Ren J., Wang Y., Liu X., Gu L., and Zhen W., 2023, Screening and evaluation of drought resistance traits of winter wheat in the North China Plain, Frontiers in Plant Science, 14: 1194759. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1194759 Belay F., Meresa H., Syum S., and Gebresilasie A., 2019, Evaluation of improved mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) varieties for yield in the moisture stress conditions of Abergelle Areas, Northern Ethiopia, Journal of Agricultural Science and Practice, 4(4): 139-143. https://doi.org/10.31248/JASP2019.161 Bulacio E., Romagnoli M., Otegui M., Chan R., and Portapila M., 2023, OSTRICH-CROPGRO multi-objective optimization methodology for calibration of the growing dynamics of a second-generation transgenic soybean tolerant to high temperatures and dry growing conditions, Agricultural Systems, 205: 103583. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2022.103583 Chen X., Min D., Yasir T., and Hu Y., 2012, Evaluation of 14 morphological, yield-related and physiological traits as indicators of drought tolerance in Chinese winter bread wheat revealed by analysis of the membership function value of drought tolerance (MFVD), Field Crops Research, 137: 195-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FCR.2012.09.008 Da Silva E., Hoogenboom G., Boote K., Gonçalves A., and Marin F., 2022, Predicting soybean evapotranspiration and crop water productivity for a tropical environment using the CSM-CROPGRO-Soybean model, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 323: 109075. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2022.109075
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