Field Crop 2025, Vol.8, No.1, 41-50 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/fc 48 This study has indeed opened up some new ideas for rapeseed breeding. Think about it, those TPS genes and lncRNAs (long non-coding RNAs) that are particularly active in drought are simply ready-made molecular markers. Breeding experts can now use them directly to screen varieties with strong drought resistance, without having to rely on luck as before. Interestingly, genes like ERD15 are not only drought-resistant, but can also cope with other environmental stresses. This means that it may be possible to cultivate "all-round" rapeseed varieties-not afraid of drought, but also able to resist other adverse environments. Although it will take time to achieve this goal, at least there is a clear direction now. Applying these findings to actual breeding should greatly accelerate the selection and breeding process of high-quality rapeseed varieties. Where should we go next? I think we can start from the following aspects. First, we need to verify the candidate genes for drought resistance one by one. CRISPR gene editing technology is so mature now. It should be useful to knock out a few genes or overexpress them to see how drought resistance changes. Interestingly, these genes may not work alone. They may have some "secret operations" with other stress response pathways, especially those genes that can cope with multiple stresses. It may be more valuable to sort out these relationship networks than to study a single gene alone. There is also a practical problem: Are the current research samples too single? If we can collect more different varieties of rapeseed and test them under various environmental conditions, we may be able to find more abundant drought resistance gene resources. After all, nature is the most powerful breeding expert. Acknowledgments The authors thank all members of this study for their valuable suggestions, support, and encouragement. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Bano N., Fakhrah S., Mohanty C., and Bag S., 2022, Transcriptome meta-analysis associated targeting hub genes and pathways of drought and salt stress responses in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum): a network biology approach, Frontiers in Plant Science, 13: 818472. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.818472 Boldura O., Popescu S., and Sumalan R., 2015, A molecular approach for the identification of drought-resistant rapeseed genotypes based on gene expression, Bulletin UASVM Animal Science and Biotechnologies, 72: 101-102. https://doi.org/10.15835/BUASVMCN-ASB:10752 Chai L., Li H., Zhao X., Cui C., Zheng B., Zhang K., Jiang J., Zhang J., and Jiang L., 2023, Analysis of altered flowering related genes in a multi-silique rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) line zws-ms based on combination of genome, transcriptome and proteome data, Plants, 12(13): 2429. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12132429 Han Y.P., 2024, Application of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in editing poplar drought resistance genes, Molecular Plant Breeding, 15(2): 81-89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5376/mpb.2024.15.0010 Kamali S., and Singh A., 2023, Genomic and transcriptomic approaches to developing abiotic stress-resilient crops, Agronomy, 13(12): 2903. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13122903 Li M.M., 2024, Unraveling the genetic mechanisms of algal adaptation: insights from genomics and transcriptomics, International Journal of Aquaculture, 14(2): 62-72. https://doi.org/10.5376/ija.2024.14.0008 Li J., Iqbal S., Zhang Y., Chen Y., Tan Z., Ali U., and Guo L., 2021, Transcriptome analysis reveals genes of flooding-tolerant and flooding-sensitive rapeseeds differentially respond to flooding at the germination stage, Plants, 10(4): 693. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10040693 Liang Y., Kang K., Gan L., Ning S., Xiong J., Song S., Xi L., Lai S., Yin Y., Gu J., Xiang J., Li S., Wang B., and Li M., 2019, Drought‐responsive genes, late embryogenesis abundant group3 (LEA3) and vicinal oxygen chelate, function in lipid accumulation in Brassica napus and Arabidopsis mainly via enhancing photosynthetic efficiency and reducing ROS, Plant Biotechnology Journal, 17(11): 2123-2142. https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.13127 Liu J., Hao W., Liu J., Fan S., Zhao W., Deng L., Wang X., Hu Z., Hua W., and Wang H., 2019, A novel chimeric mitochondrial gene confers cytoplasmic effects on seed oil content in polyploid rapeseed (Brassica napus), Molecular Plant, 12(4): 582-596. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molp.2019.01.012 Liu X., Wei R., Tian M., Liu J., Ruan Y., Sun C., and Liu C., 2022, Combined transcriptome and metabolome profiling provide insights into cold responses in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) genotypes with contrasting cold-stress sensitivity, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(21): 13546. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232113546
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