Field Crop 2025, Vol.8, No.1, 32-40 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/fc 38 conditions have been found on chromosome 3 (Aliche et al., 2019). But these are just the tip of the iceberg. To truly understand the genetic mechanism behind it, we must continue to study the genetic variation and heritability of these traits in depth (Gashaw et al., 2020; Tessema et al., 2022). This information is very critical for future breeding work, especially when selecting parents or formulating improvement strategies. CRISPR-Cas9 and RNAi tools have been used to improve the quantity and quality of tubers, and the effect is also good, but more verification and optimization are needed before they can be widely used. 8.2 Strengthen international cooperation and data sharing to promote potato breeding Not every region can solve all problems on its own, especially for crops like potatoes that are sensitive to climate and diseases. This determines the importance of international cooperation. Some cross-border studies have played a demonstration role. For example, experiments in France and the Netherlands have made people more aware of the impact of different environments on tuber size, while in Ethiopia and the Himalayas, studies have highlighted the important value of genetic diversity (Shubha and Singh, 2018). Data sharing and germplasm exchange can help breeders find potential materials faster and help avoid duplication of research. In other words, cooperation is not just to save resources, but also to make breeding work go further and more steadily. 8.3 Combining genetic improvement with smart agricultural technology Some things cannot be solved by breeding alone, but must rely on planting management technology. Precision agricultural tools such as remote sensing and automatic irrigation can actually monitor crop growth and environmental conditions in real time, which is also very helpful for breeding experiments. For example, after the ABF4 gene in Arabidopsis was introduced into potatoes, it was found that both yield and stress resistance were improved, which shows that genetic modification and modern agricultural equipment can complement each other (Saifullah et al., 2024). Of course, some cultivation techniques, such as adjusting the planting density or tuber distribution pattern, can also further improve yield performance. In short, combining genetic improvement with intelligent technology is a breakthrough in the development of breeding. Acknowledgments The authors sincerely thank Professor Li Q. from Cuixi Biotechnology Research Institute for providing guidance, as well as the research team for providing materials and peer review suggestions. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Ahmad D., Zhang Z., Rasheed H., Xu X., and Bao J., 2022, Recent advances in molecular improvement for potato tuber traits, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(17): 9982. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23179982 Aliche E., Oortwijn M., Theeuwen T., Bachem C., Van Eck H., Visser R., and Van Der Linden C., 2019, Genetic mapping of tuber size distribution and marketable tuber yield under drought stress in potatoes, Euphytica, 215(11): 186. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-019-2508-0 Beketova M., Chalaya N., Zoteyeva N., Gurina A., Kuznetsova M., Armstrong M., Hein I., Drobyazina P., Khavkin E., and Rogozina Е., 2021, Combination breeding and marker-assisted selection to develop late blight resistant potato cultivars, Agronomy, 11(11): 2192. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202110.0209.v1 Carrillo L., Baroja-Fernández E., Renau-Morata B., Muñoz F., Canales J., Ciordia S., Yang L., Sánchez-López Á., Nebauer S., Ceballos M., Vicente-Carbajosa J., Molina R., Pozueta-Romero J., and Medina J., 2023, Ectopic expression of the AtCDF1 transcription factor in potato enhances tuber starch and amino acid contents and yield under open field conditions, Frontiers in Plant Science, 14: 1010669. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1010669 Cui D., Song Y., Jiang W., Ye H., Wang S., Yuan L., and Liu B., 2024, Genome-wide characterization of the GRF transcription factors in potato (Solanum tuberosumL.) and expression analysis of StGRFgenes during potato tuber dormancy and sprouting, Frontiers in Plant Science, 15: 1417204. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1417204 García M., Cortelezzi J., Fumagalli M., and Capiati D., 2018, Expression of the Arabidopsis ABF4 gene in potato increases tuber yield improves tuber quality and enhances salt and drought tolerance, Plant Molecular Biology, 98(1): 137-152. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-018-0769-y
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