FC_2024v7n6

1 Introduction	4
2 Environmental Stresses Affecting Kiwifruit	5
2.1 Abiotic stresses	5
2.2 Biotic stresses	6
3 Physiological Mechanisms of Stress Resistance	6
3.1 Water use efficiency and drought resistance	6
3.2 Temperature tolerance mechanisms	6
3.3 Salt exclusion and osmotic adjustment	6
3.4 Antioxidant responses to biotic and abiotic st	6
4 Biochemical Mechanisms of Stress Resistance	8
4.1 Secondary metabolites in stress response	8
4.2 Enzymatic antioxidants and reactive oxygen spe	8
4.3 Signal transduction pathways involved in stres	8
5 Molecular Mechanisms of Stress Resistance	9
5.1 Gene regulation under stress conditions	9
5.2 Role of transcription factors in stress tolera	9
5.3 Molecular breeding for enhanced stress resista	9
5.4 Advances in genomic and proteomic studies	9
6 Case Study: Resistance to Bacterial Canker in Ki	9
6.1 Overview of bacterial canker disease	9
6.2 Molecular and genetic basis of resistance	10
6.3 Breeding approaches and biotechnological inter	10
6.4 Future directions and challenges	10
7 Integrative Approaches to Enhancing Kiwifruit St	10
7.1 Combined physiological, biochemical, and molec	10
7.2 Role of biotechnology and genetic engineering	10
7.3 Potential for CRISPR/Cas9 and other modern tec	11
8 Future Perspectives and Research Gaps	11
8.1 Identified research gaps in current literature	11
8.2 Future research directions and innovative appr	11
8.3 Importance of interdisciplinary research and c	11
9 Concluding Remarks	12

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