Field Crop 2024, Vol.7, No.6, 317-324 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/fc 322 integration of agronomic practices, such as site-specific nitrogen management and irrigation techniques, has been shown to significantly boost yield in rice-wheat rotation systems. Balancing genetics and agronomy is crucial for sustainable yield improvement in rice. Genetic advancements, such as the identification of elite genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs), provide the foundation for breeding programs aimed at enhancing yield and quality. However, these genetic improvements must be complemented by agronomic interventions to address environmental challenges and optimize resource use. For instance, the adoption of improved cultivation practices has been shown to sustain high yields even under stress conditions, highlighting the need for a holistic approach that combines genetic and agronomic strategies. To achieve global rice yield targets, a multifaceted approach is necessary. Future efforts should focus on integrating advanced genomic tools with precision agronomy to develop rice varieties that are resilient to climate change and capable of meeting the growing food demand. Continued research into the genetic basis of yield-related traits and their interaction with environmental factors will be essential for guiding breeding programs. Moreover, fostering collaboration between geneticists, agronomists, and policymakers will be key to implementing sustainable practices that ensure food security and environmental sustainability. Acknowledgments We would like to thank the entire research team for the helpful discussion and invaluable comments to make this research meaningful. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Ajmera I., Henry A., Radanielson A., Klein S., Ianevski A., Bennett M., Band L., and Lynch J., 2022, Integrated root phenotypes for improved rice performance under low nitrogen availability, Plant, Cell and Environment, 45: 805-822. https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.14284 Aloryi K., Okpala N., Amo A., Bello S., Akaba S., and Tian X., 2022, A meta-quantitative trait loci analysis identified consensus genomic regions and candidate genes associated with grain yield in rice, Frontiers in Plant Science, 13: 1035851. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1035851 Altaf A., Gull S., Shah A., Faheem M., Saeed A., Khan I., and Zhu M., 2021, Advanced genetic strategies for improving rice yield, Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural Sciences, 9(4): 167-171. https://doi.org/10.22194/jgias/9.9520 Bhuiyan M.K.A., Islam A.K.M.S., Sarkar M.A.R., Mamun M.A.A., Salam M.U., and Kabir M.S., 2020, Agronomic management and interventions to increase rice yield in Bangladesh, Bangladesh Rice Journal, 24(2): 161-181. https://doi.org/10.3329/BRJ.V24I2.53453 Cai C., Lv L., Wei S., Zhang L., and Cao W., 2024, How does climate change affect potential yields of four staple grain crops worldwide by 2030?, PLoS One, 19(5): e0303857. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0303857 Cheng B., Jiang Y., and Cao C., 2021, Balance rice yield and eating quality by changing the traditional nitrogen management for sustainable production in China, Journal of Cleaner Production, 312: 127793. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2021.127793 Deng J., Ye J., Liu K., Harrison M., Zhong X., Wang C., Tian X., Huang L., and Zhang Y., 2022, Optimized management practices synergistically improved grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency by enhancing post-heading carbon and nitrogen metabolism in super hybrid rice, Agronomy, 13: 1-19. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13010013 Glover D., 2014, Of yield gaps and yield ceilings: Making plants grow in particular places, Geoforum, 53: 184-194. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.GEOFORUM.2013.06.001 Huang L., Zhang R., Guangfu H., Li Y., Melaku G., Zhang S., Chen H., Zhao Y., Zhang J., Zhang Y., and Hu F., 2018, Developing superior alleles of yield genes in rice by artificial mutagenesis using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, The Crop Journal, 6(5): 475-481. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CJ.2018.05.005 Hunt J., Kirkegaard J., Harris F., Porker K., Rattey A., Collins M., Celestina C., Cann D., Hochman Z., Lilley J., and Flohr B., 2021, Exploiting genotype × management interactions to increase rainfed crop production: a case study from south-eastern Australia, Journal of Experimental Botany, 72(14): 5189-5207. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erab250
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