Field Crop 2024, Vol.7, No.6, 298-307 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/fc 305 Future research should focus on further refining irrigation and nutrient management strategies to enhance sorghum yield and sustainability. The development of sorghum cultivars with improved drought tolerance and nutrient use efficiency should be prioritized to address the challenges posed by climate change and resource limitations. Additionally, expanding the use of advanced modeling techniques, such as those used in spatial model selection and design evaluation, can improve the precision of genotype comparisons and optimize field trial designs. Collaborative efforts across different agro-ecological zones will be essential to tailor cultivation models to local conditions and maximize the global impact of sorghum as a food and energy crop. Acknowledgments We sincerely appreciate the valuable opinions and suggestions provided by the three anonymous reviewers, whose meticulous review greatly helped us improve the quality of this article. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Akinseye F., Ajeigbe H., Kamara A., Omotayo A., Tofa A., and Whitbread A., 2023, Establishing optimal planting windows for contrasting sorghum cultivars across diverse agro-ecologies of North-Eastern Nigeria: a modelling approach, Agronomy, 13(3): 727. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13030727 Amouzou K., Naab J., Lamers J., and Becker M., 2018, CERES-maize and CERES-sorghum for modeling growth, nitrogen and phosphorus uptake, and soil moisture dynamics in the dry savanna of West Africa, Field Crops Research, 217: 134-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FCR.2017.12.017 Baloch F., Altaf M., Liaqat W., Bedir M., Nadeem M., Cömertpay G., Çoban N., Habyarimana E., Barutçular C., Cerit İ., Ludidi N., Karaköy T., Aasim M., Chung Y., Nawaz M., Hatipoğlu R., Kökten K., and Sun H., 2023, Recent advancements in the breeding of sorghum crop: current status and future strategies for marker-assisted breeding, Frontiers in Genetics, 14: 1150616. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2023.1150616 Baumhardt R., Tolk J., Howell T., and Rosenthal W., 2007, Sorghum management practices suited to varying irrigation strategies: a simulation analysis, Agronomy Journal, 99: 665-672. https://doi.org/10.2134/AGRONJ2006.0092 Behera P., Singode A., Bhat B., Ronda V., Borah N., Verma H., Gogoi L., Borah J., Majhi P., Saharia N., Sarma R., Bhering L., Susanto U., Teodoro L., and Nath R., 2024, Genetic gains in forage sorghum for adaptive traits for non-conventional area through multi-trait-based stability selection methods, Frontiers in Plant Science, 15: 1248663. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1248663 Bollam S., Romana K., Rayaprolu L., Vemula A., Das R., Rathore A., Gandham P., Chander G., Deshpande S., and Gupta R., 2021, Nitrogen use efficiency in sorghum: exploring native variability for traits under variable N-regimes, Frontiers in Plant Science, 12: 643192. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.643192 Charles J., Dorval M., Durone J., Ferrão L., Amadeu R., Munoz P., Morris G., Meru G., and Pressoir G., 2024, Genomic prediction of sweet sorghum agronomic performance under drought and irrigated environments in Haiti, Crop Science, 64(3): 1595-1607. https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.21228 Chiroma A., Folorunso O., and Alhassan A., 2006, Soil water conservation, growth, yield and water use efficiency of sorghum as affected by land configuration and wood-shavings mulch in semi-arid northeast Nigeria, Experimental Agriculture, 42: 199-216. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0014479705003376 Fazel F., Ansari H., and Aguilar J., 2023, Determination of the most efficient forage sorghum irrigation scheduling strategies in the U.S. central high plains using the AquaCrop model and field experiments, Agronomy, 13(10): 2446. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13102446 Ghalkhani A., Golzardi F., Khazaei A., Mahrokh A., Illés Á., Bojtor C., Mousavi S., and Széles A., 2023, Irrigation management strategies to enhance forage yield, feed value, and water-use efficiency of sorghum cultivars, Plants, 12(11): 2154. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12112154 Haussmann B., Rattunde F.W., Brocke V., Haussmann B., Rattunde H., Weltzien-Rattunde E., Traoré P., Brocke K., and Parzies H., 2012, Breeding strategies for adaptation of pearl millet and sorghum to climate variability and change in West Africa, Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 198: 327-339. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1439-037X.2012.00526.X Hong W.Y., and Huang W.Z., 2024, Diversity and cultivation of sugarcane: from traditional practices to modern breeding techniques, Molecular Plant Breeding, 15(5): 269-281. https://doi.org/10.5376/mpb.2024.15.0026
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