Field Crop 2024, Vol.7, No.4, 201-211 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/fc 202 2 Agronomic Characteristics 2.1 Yield potential 2.1.1 Comparative yield performance Triticale generally exhibits a higher grain yield (GY) compared to bread wheat (Triticum aestivumL.), particularly in Mediterranean environments where water deficits are common during spring and summer. Studies have shown that triticale has a higher number of kernels per spike and greater 1000 kernel weight, despite having fewer spikes per square meter compared to wheat. This results in a higher overall yield for triticale (Méndez-Espinoza et al., 2019). Additionally, triticale's yield stability across various environments has been demonstrated to be superior to that of wheat, with triticale lines showing good adaptability and stable yields in diverse conditions (Farokhzadeh et al., 2022). Figure 1 Relationships between the environmental index and grain yield of spring wheat (cv. Pandora-INIA) and triticale (cv. Aguacero-INIA) (Adopted from Méndez-Espinoza et al., 2019) Image caption: Data are from 10 localities in 2004 and 2005 (eight Mediterranean and two temperate areas), and two localities (Cauquenes and Santa Rosa), under well-watered and water-deficit conditions, in 2014, 2015, and 2016. Also, data comparing triticale cv. Aguacero-INIA and the spring wheat cv. Domo at nine localities in 2001 and 2002 were included in the analysis. The comparison of the regression lines indicated significant difference among the slopes (P< 0.01) and intercepts (P< 0.0001) (Adopted from Méndez-Espinoza et al., 2019) Méndez-Espinoza et al. (2019) illustrates the relationship between grain yield and environmental index for triticale (cv. Aguacero-INIA) and spring wheat (cv. Pandora-INIA and Domo) across various locations and conditions. The regression analysis shows that triticale has a higher regression coefficient (Finlay and Wilkinson slope), indicating a more stable yield across diverse environmental conditions compared to wheat. This stability is coupled with generally higher yields, even in extreme environments. The significant differences in slopes (P < 0.01) and intercepts (P < 0.0001) between the crops underscore triticale's superior adaptability and yield stability. Triticale also outperforms wheat in grain yield due to its larger grain size, which is consistent across varying grain numbers per square meter. This highlights triticale's potential as a robust crop in diverse and challenging environments.
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