Field Crop 2024, Vol.7, No.2, 116-123 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/fc 118 rich health benefits, including antioxidant, anti-obesity, anti-cancer, anti-microbial, anti-anemia, improved bone and hair health, etc. (Jamir et al., 2021). Molasses is an important raw material for the production of bioethanol. Due to its high sugar content, it can be directly used for yeast fermentation to produce ethanol. During the production process, optimizing fermentation conditions plays a key role in improving ethanol production. By optimizing parameters such as molasses concentration, fermentation time, and yeast strains, the fermented sugar in molasses can be effectively converted into ethanol. One study used the yeast strain Meyerozyma caribbica for molasses fermentation, and ethanol production was significantly increased after optimizing fermentation conditions. 1.3 Characteristics of filter mud and sugarcane waste liquid Filter Cake/Press Mud, also known as press mud, is the residue formed after filtering sugarcane juice. It has a soft, spongy quality and is dark brown or black in color. Its chemical composition mainly includes 9%~14% wax, 10%~18% protein, 11%~17% cellulose, 15%~27% hemicellulose, and 9%~14% lignin, Oils and resins, etc. In Brazil and China, filter mud is often mixed with sugarcane waste liquor or bagasse ash and used as fertilizer for sugarcane cultivation. However, the high content of organic matter and moisture in filter mud may lead to greenhouse gas emissions during the decomposition process, which requires reasonable management to reduce environmental impacts (Silalertruksa et al., 2023). Sugarcane waste (Spent Wash) is the liquid waste from the ethanol distillation process. Due to its high content of organic and inorganic substances, it is a potential bionutrient supplement. Sugarcane waste liquor is rich in macronutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and sulfur (S), as well as micronutrients including zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn). Research shows that reasonable dilution and application of sugarcane waste liquid can help increase soil enzyme activity and microbial activity, improve soil structure and organic carbon content, and ultimately increase crop yield and photosynthesis efficiency. However, due to the complex characteristics of sugarcane waste liquid, improper use may lead to environmental problems such as groundwater pollution (Umair Hassan et al., 2021). Through effective management and scientific application, filter mud and sugarcane waste liquid can be used to produce organic fertilizers, biofuels and soil conditioners, realizing resource utilization and promoting the sustainable development and circular economy of the sugarcane industry. 2 Value-added Sugarcane Bagasse 2.1 Sugarcane paper industry Sugarcane bagasse is a rich fiber resource widely used in the pulp and paper industry. It is a fibrous residue produced by the sugar production process, and its components mainly include cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Bagasse pulping in the paper industry is an environmentally friendly process that can replace wood pulp, and has become a viable commercialization option, especially in countries with developed sugar industries, such as Brazil and India (Vangchhia et al., 2024). The pulping and papermaking process usually includes steps such as pretreatment, cooking, bleaching and pulp production. The pretreatment step is designed to remove wax, grit, and other impurities from the bagasse. A cooking process then uses chemicals, such as lye or acid, to defibrate the bagasse, producing unbleached pulp. In order to improve pulp quality, bleaching treatment is usually performed to remove residual lignin and impurities. Ultimately, pulp can be used to produce various paper products, such as kraft paper, printing paper, and packaging paper (Martinez-Hernandez et al., 2018). In recent years, the bagasse papermaking process has made significant technological progress. New pretreatment technologies, such as alkali pretreatment, steam explosion and organic solvent methods, have improved fiber separation efficiency, reduced chemical consumption, and improved pulp quality. The use of environmentally friendly bleaching agents such as oxygen and hydrogen peroxide instead of traditional chlorine bleaching improves the whiteness of the pulp and reduces pollution emissions during the bleaching process. In addition to traditional paper products, bagasse can also be used to produce new materials such as nanocellulose, composite materials, and bioplastics, expanding its application in the paper industry (Vangchhia et al., 2024).
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