Field Crop 2024, Vol.7, No.2, 70-78 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/fc 70 Research Report Open Access Enhancing Rice Productivity with Plant Growth-Promoting Microorganisms (PGPM) Yanfu Wang, Danyan Ding Institute of Life Science, Jiyang College of Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji, 311800, Zhejiang, China Corresponding email: 723822780@qq.com Field Crop, 2024 Vol.7, No.2 doi: 10.5376/fc.2024.07.0008 Received: 28 Jan., 2024 Accepted: 11 Mar., 2024 Published: 29 Mar., 2024 Copyright © 2024 Wang and Ding, This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Wang Y.F., and Ding D.Y., 2024, Enhancing rice productivity with plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPM), Field Crop, 7(2): 70-78 (doi: 10.5376/fc.2024.07.0008) Abstract Rice is the primary staple crop in many regions around the world and is crucial for global food security. However, rice production faces numerous challenges, including soil degradation, pest and disease pressure, and climate change issues. Plant Growth-Promoting Microorganisms (PGPM) have shown great potential as a sustainable solution to enhance crop productivity and environmental adaptability. This study analyzes different types of PGPM (bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms) and their mechanisms of action, highlighting how PGPM can improve soil health and enhance rice productivity. Additionally, through multiple case studies and field trials, this paper demonstrates the effective application of PGPM in actual rice cultivation and compares the outcomes in different ecosystems. This research aims to optimize PGPM application strategies for their widespread use in global rice production, further promoting the sustainable development of agricultural ecosystems. Keywords Oryza sativaL.; Plant growth-promoting microorganisms; Soil health; Sustainable agriculture; Climate change Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a fundamental staple crop that sustains nearly half of the world's population, particularly in Southeast Asia and other developing regions. It is not only a primary source of calories but also a significant contributor to the socio-economic fabric of many countries. The global demand for rice continues to rise, driven by population growth and dietary preferences (Chen et al., 2023). Despite its importance, rice production faces numerous challenges. Soil degradation, pest and disease pressures, and climate change are significant hurdles that threaten sustainable rice cultivation. Soil degradation, including nutrient depletion and contamination, adversely affects rice yield and quality. Pest and disease pressures, such as those from insects and pathogens, further complicate rice farming, often necessitating the use of chemical pesticides that can harm the environment (Sundar and Chao, 2022). Additionally, climate change introduces variability in weather patterns, leading to unpredictable water availability and increased incidence of extreme weather events, which can devastate rice crops. Plant Growth-Promoting Microorganisms (PGPM) are a diverse group of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and microalgae, that enhance plant growth and productivity through various mechanisms (Abhilash et al., 2016; Upadhyay et al., 2018). These microorganisms colonize the rhizosphere, the region of soil surrounding plant roots, and facilitate nutrient uptake, improve soil structure, and enhance plant resistance to stress (Adak et al., 2016; Sundar and Chao, 2022). The benefits of PGPM in crop production are manifold. They improve nutrient availability and uptake, enhance soil fertility, and increase plant growth and yield. For instance, PGPM can solubilize phosphates, fix atmospheric nitrogen, and produce growth hormones, thereby reducing the need for chemical fertilizers (Pérez-Montaño et al., 2014; Sundar and Chao, 2022). Additionally, they can suppress plant pathogens, thereby reducing the reliance on chemical pesticides. The use of PGPM is particularly beneficial in sustainable agriculture, as it promotes environmental health and reduces the ecological footprint of farming practices (Abhilash et al., 2016). The study evaluates the potential of Plant Growth-Promoting Microorganisms (PGPM) in enhancing rice yield. This study will analyze and summarize the specific roles and mechanisms of PGPM in improving rice productivity,
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