Field Crop 2024, Vol.7, No.2, 45-57 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/fc 55 Furthermore, environmental risk assessments have confirmed that GM maize hybrids do not pose additional risks compared to conventional maize, making them a viable alternative for sustainable agriculture. The integration of GM maize into agricultural practices has several implications for sustainable agriculture. Firstly, the increased yield and reduced need for chemical inputs such as insecticides and herbicides contribute to more efficient resource use and lower environmental footprints. This aligns with the goals of sustainable agriculture, which seeks to balance productivity with environmental stewardship. Moreover, the development of GM maize varieties that are resistant to pests and tolerant to abiotic stresses can help mitigate the impacts of climate change and ensure food security in regions with challenging growing conditions. The ability of GM maize to substitute for traditional crop rotation practices also offers flexibility in crop management, potentially leading to more sustainable land use. Genetically modified maize plays a crucial role in advancing sustainable agriculture by enhancing crop yields, reducing the need for chemical inputs, and providing resilience against environmental stresses. While there are concerns regarding the potential health and environmental risks associated with GM crops, extensive research and regulatory assessments have generally supported their safety and efficacy. As the global population continues to grow and the demand for food increases, GM maize offers a promising solution to meet these challenges sustainably. Future research should continue to address the potential risks and explore new biotechnological advancements to further improve the sustainability and acceptance of GM maize in agriculture. Acknowledgements The author thanks the two anonymous peer reviewers for their thorough review of this study and for their valuable suggestions for improvement. Conflict of Interest Disclosure Author affirms that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Azadi H., Samiee A., Mahmoudi H., Jouzi Z., Khachak P., Maeyer P., and Witlox F., 2015, Genetically modified crops and small-scale farmers: main opportunities and challenges, Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, 36: 434-446. https://doi.org/10.3109/07388551.2014.990413 PMid:25566797 Aziz M., Brini F., Rouached H., and Masmoudi K., 2022, Genetically engineered crops for sustainably enhanced food production systems, Frontiers in Plant Science, 13: 1027828. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1027828 PMid:36426158 PMCid:PMC9680014 Bennett R., Phipps R., and Strange A., 2006, The use of life cycle assessment to compare the environmental impact of production and feeding of conventional and genetically modified maize for broiler production in Argentina, Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences, 15: 71-82. https://doi.org/10.22358/jafs/66843/2006 Brookes G., 2019, Twenty-one years of using insect resistant (GM) maize in Spain and Portugal: farm-level economic and environmental contributions, GM Crops & Food, 10(2): 90-101. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645698.2019.1614393 PMid:31072184 PMCid:PMC6615534 Brookes G., 2020, Genetically modified (GM) crop use in Colombia: farm level economic and environmental contributions, GM Crops & Food, 11(3): 140-153. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645698.2020.1715156 PMid:32008444 PMCid:PMC7518743 Brookes G., 2022, Farm income and production impacts from the use of genetically modified (GM) crop technology 1996-2020, GM Crops & Food, 13(1): 171-195. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645698.2022.2105626 PMid:35983931 PMCid:PMC9397136 Brookes G., and Barfoot P., 2013, The global income and production effects of genetically modified (GM) crops 1996-2011, GM Crops & Food, 4(1): 74-83. https://doi.org/10.4161/gmcr.24176 PMid:23549349
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