Field Crop 2024, Vol.7, No.2, 45-57 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/fc 54 10 Future Prospects and Recommendations 10.1 Potential future developments in GM maize technology The future of genetically modified (GM) maize technology holds significant promise for enhancing agricultural productivity and sustainability. Advances in biotechnology, such as CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, are expected to play a pivotal role in developing maize varieties with improved traits, including higher yields, enhanced nutritional quality, and increased resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses (Yassitepe et al., 2021; Aziz et al., 2022). Emerging technologies, such as tissue culture-independent methods and RNA-guided endonuclease systems, are anticipated to streamline the transformation process, making it more efficient and genotype-independent (Yassitepe et al., 2021). These innovations could lead to the development of maize varieties that are better suited to diverse environmental conditions, thereby contributing to global food security and sustainable agriculture (Qaim, 2009; Klümper and Qaim, 2014). 10.2 Recommendations for policy and practice to enhance sustainable agriculture To maximize the benefits of GM maize technology, it is crucial to implement policies and practices that support sustainable agriculture. Policymakers should focus on creating a conducive regulatory environment that balances safety concerns with the need for innovation. Overregulation can hinder the development and adoption of GM crops, particularly in developing countries where the potential benefits are substantial (Qaim, 2009; Sharma et al., 2022). It is essential to design efficient regulatory mechanisms that facilitate the approval and commercialization of GM crops while ensuring environmental and human health safety (Sharma et al., 2022). Additionally, integrating GM maize into sustainable agricultural practices requires promoting best management practices, such as crop rotation and optimized planting densities, to enhance yield gains and reduce risks (Chavas et al., 2014). Public awareness campaigns and educational programs can help address public reservations and increase acceptance of GM technology by highlighting its benefits for food security, environmental sustainability, and economic growth (Klümper and Qaim, 2014; Brookes, 2022). 10.3 Integration with global sustainability goals The integration of GM maize technology with global sustainability goals, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), is vital for achieving long-term agricultural sustainability. GM maize can contribute to several SDGs, including zero hunger (SDG 2), good health and well-being (SDG 3), and climate action (SDG 13) (Otegui et al., 2021; Aziz et al., 2022). By increasing crop yields and reducing the need for chemical pesticides, GM maize can help alleviate food insecurity and improve nutritional outcomes (Klümper and Qaim, 2014; Brookes, 2022). Moreover, the adoption of GM maize with traits such as drought tolerance and nitrogen-use efficiency can mitigate the impacts of climate change and reduce the environmental footprint of agriculture (O'Brien and Mullins, 2009; Otegui et al., 2021). To fully realize these benefits, it is important to foster international collaboration and knowledge sharing among researchers, policymakers, and farmers. This collaborative approach can facilitate the development and dissemination of GM maize technologies that are tailored to local conditions and needs, thereby enhancing their effectiveness and sustainability (O'Brien and Mullins, 2009; Aziz et al., 2022). By aligning GM maize technology with global sustainability goals, we can create a more resilient and sustainable agricultural system that benefits both current and future generations. 11 Concluding Remarks The adoption of genetically modified (GM) maize has shown significant positive impacts on maize yield and agricultural management. Studies indicate that GM technology has increased maize yield by reducing exposure to downside risks and enhancing the benefits of higher planting densities. Additionally, GM maize varieties have been developed to incorporate traits such as herbicide and insect resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, and improved nutritional quality, which have collectively contributed to higher productivity and better crop management. In regions like Spain and Portugal, the use of GM insect-resistant maize has led to substantial economic benefits, including increased farmer income and reduced insecticide use, thereby lowering the environmental impact.
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjQ4ODY0NQ==