Field Crop 2024, Vol.7, No.1, 1-8 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/fc 1 Review and Progress Open Access Application of Genome-wide Association Study in Crop Disease Resistance Breeding ChengFu Hainan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Sanya, 572000, Hainan, China Corresponding author email: 2397383131@qq.com Field Crop, 2024, Vol.7, No.1 doi: 10.5376/fc.2024.07.0001 Received: 05 Dec., 2023 Accepted: 08 Jan., 2024 Published: 25 Jan., 2024 Copyright © 2024 Fu, This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Fu C., 2024, Application of genome-wide association study in crop disease resistance breeding, Field Crop, 7(1): 1-8 (doi: 10.5376/fc.2024.07.0001) Abstract Genome-wide association study (GWAS), as an effective genetic research tool, has been widely used in crop disease resistance breeding, which can identify genetic markers and genes related to disease resistance in the whole genome and provide molecular basis for breeding. This study introduced the basic principles and methods of GWAS, demonstrated the application of GWAS in crop disease resistance breeding through specific application examples, then discussed the advantages and limitations of GWAS in crop disease resistance breeding, and prospected the future development direction of GWAS in crop disease resistance breeding. This includes applications that combine high-throughput sequencing techniques, multi-omics data integration, and precision breeding techniques. GWAS provides a new research idea and method for crop disease resistance breeding, which is expected to promote the rapid cultivation of disease-resistant varieties and the sustainable development of agricultural production. Keywords Genome-wide association study; Crop disease resistance; Breeding; Genetic marker; Precision breeding The importance of crop disease resistance breeding should not be ignored, especially in the current globalized agricultural production environment, where diseases not only lead to direct loss of crop yield, but also may lead to decline in quality and market value, and even lead to food security crisis in serious cases (Mores et al., 2021). Therefore, improving crop disease resistance can effectively reduce the use of pesticides, reduce environmental pollution, and improve the economic efficiency and sustainability of agricultural production. Although traditional disease resistance breeding methods have made certain achievements in history, with the rapid evolution of pathogens and changes in ecological environment, these methods have been difficult to meet the current breeding needs, and traditional breeding methods often rely on long-term phenotypic selection, and are limited by the diversity and availability of genetic resources. Traditional methods are also limited in resolving the genetic basis of complex traits, and it is difficult to accurately locate and utilize key genes related to disease resistance (Lamichhane and Thapa, 2022). The rise of genome-wide association study (GWAS) has brought new opportunities for crop disease resistance breeding, which can explore the association between genetic variation and trait phenotype in the whole genome, and provide a powerful tool for revealing the genetic mechanism of disease resistance. Through GWAS, researchers can quickly identify genetic markers and candidate genes associated with disease resistance (Osorio-Guarin et al., 2020), and this information is of great value in guiding molecular marker-assisted breeding (MAS) and gene directed editing. This study summarized and analyzed the application and significance of genome-wide association study in crop disease resistance breeding, and discussed its application cases in different crop disease resistance breeding from the principle and method of GWAS, and analyzed its advantages and limitations. This study also looks forward to the future development of GWAS in crop resistance breeding, including the combination of multi-omics data, the use of high-throughput sequencing technology, and the integration of gene editing technology. Through this study, we hope to provide new ideas and strategies for crop disease resistance breeding, promote scientific and precise crop disease management, and improve the sustainability and stress resistance of agricultural production.
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