Cotton Genomics and Genetics 2025, Vol.16, No.5, 241-248 245 overexpressed and associated with phenotypes simultaneously, they will be of great value to be retained. The combination of these methods constitutes the truly "hardcore" tool for improving the fiber properties of cotton. Figure 2 Changes in GhMYB7 expression affect expression of GhCesAs and fibre elongation. (a) Expression of GhCesA4-2, GhCesA7-3 and GhCesA8-2 in wild-type cotton fibres, using GhUBI1 as the internal control for normalisation. (b) Expression of GhCesA4-2, GhCesA7-3 and GhCesA8-2 in 12, 15, 18, 21 and 25 DPA fibres of transgenic lines and wild-type. (c) Image of fibres from wild-type and GhMYB7 transgenic lines. Bar, 10 mm. (d) Comparison of fibre length between the wild-type and GhMYB7 transgenic lines. Six cotton bolls located at the similar position in the plant were taken from each genotype, 10 ovules were separated from each boll to measure the fibre length. Values are means ± SD with three biological replicates. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01 (Adopted from Huang et al., 2021) 6 Application Potential of Proteomics Data in Breeding 6.1 Prospects for developing protein biomarkers based on key enzymes Some proteins are inherently linked to their properties, especially those key enzymes that play a role in the process of fiber maturation. Through proteomics, researchers can now identify and quantify the expression levels of such proteins more quickly, and this also provides a new alternative path for breeding projects. Indicators such as fiber strength or quality, which used to rely on phenotypic data, may now be able to "show signs" at the protein level in advance. Non-invasive and high-throughput, this type of detection method is also more flexible to use. In fact, similar methods have long been tried in animal breeding, such as for the screening of meat quality and reproductive traits (El-Hack et al., 2018; Gouletsou et al., 2022), with good results. This also indicates that this approach does not fit in when applied to cotton or other crops.
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