Cotton Genomics and Genetics 2025, Vol.16, No.4, 192-201 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/cgg 198 8 Concluding Remarks During the growth of cotton fiber, protein post-translational modification (PTM) plays a big role. It affects how cells elongate, how cell walls are built, and how plants respond to hormones and external stress. PTM regulates the activity and stability of some key proteins and transcription factors, allowing them to function normally at different stages. These modifications are needed to coordinate the entire fiber from the beginning to the gradual maturity. PTM can also integrate hormones, metabolism and environmental signals together to affect the final quality and yield of cotton. However, there are still many unclear points in this regard. PTM changes quickly and is reversible, which makes research more difficult. In addition, the cotton genome itself is very complex and not easy to fully analyze. We are not able to fully draw a map of all PTM changes, nor can we understand how they specifically affect the fiber. In order to better study, we need to obtain high-quality omics data at different developmental stages. At the same time, the current PTM detection tools are not strong enough and need to be improved. In addition, different PTMs may affect each other, and they work together to affect the properties of the fiber. However, this relationship is not very clear yet, and many potential important genes and regulatory pathways have not been verified in vivo. Future research can combine different omics methods, such as analyzing the genome, transcriptome, proteome and metabolome together. In this way, we can have a more comprehensive understanding of the role of PTM in fiber growth. If a more complete PTM database can be established, coupled with the advancement of gene editing and molecular breeding technology, we may be able to improve cotton varieties with good fiber quality, high yield and strong stress resistance. This can also promote the green and sustainable development of the cotton industry. Acknowledgments We would like to express my gratitude to the reviewers for their valuable feedback, which helped improve the manuscript. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Abidi N., Cabrales L., and Hequet E., 2010, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic approach to the study of the secondary cell wall development in cotton fiber, Cellulose, 17(2): 309-320. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10570-009-9366-1 Aguilar-Hernández V., Brito-Argáez L., Galaz-Ávalos R., and Loyola-Vargas V., 2020, Post-translational modifications drive plant cell differentiation, Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC), 143(1): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-020-01908-0 Bai F., and Scheffler J., 2024, Genetic and molecular regulation of cotton fiber initiation and elongation, Agronomy, 14(6): 1208. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14061208 Cao J., Zhao B., Huang C., Chen Z., Zhao T., Liu H., Hu G., Shangguan X., Shan C., Wang L., Zhang T., Wendel J., Guan X., and Chen X., 2020, The miR319-targeted GhTCP4 promotes the transition from cell elongation to wall thickening in cotton fiber, Molecular Plant, 13(7): 1063-1077. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molp.2020.05.006 Chen F., Qiao M., Chen L., Liu M., Luo J., Gao Y., Li M., Cai J., Persson S., Huang G., and Xu W., 2025, Dimerization among multiple NAC proteins mediates secondary cell wall cellulose biosynthesis in cotton fibers, The Plant Journal, 121(2): e17223. https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.17223 Cui X., Wang J., Li K., Lv B., Hou B., and Ding Z., 2023, Protein post-translational modifications in auxin signaling, Journal of Genetics and Genomics, 51(3): 279-291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgg.2023.07.002 Gou J., Wang L., Chen S., Hu W., and Chen X., 2007, Gene expression and metabolite profiles of cotton fiber during cell elongation and secondary cell wall synthesis, Cell Research, 17(5): 422-434. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.cr.7310150 Grover C., Jareczek J., Swaminathan S., Lee Y., Howell A., Rani H., Arick M., Leach A., Miller E., Yang P., Hu G., Xiong X., Mallery E., Peterson D., Xie J., Haigler C., Zabotina O., Szymanski D., and Wendel J., 2024, A high-resolution model of gene expression during Gossypium hirsutum (cotton) fiber development, BMC Genomics, 26(1): 221. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-025-11360-z Hammarén H., Geissen E., Potel C., Beck M., and Savitski M., 2022, Protein-peptide turnover profiling reveals the order of PTM addition and removal during protein maturation, Nature Communications, 13(1): 7431. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-35054-2
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjQ4ODYzNA==