Cotton Genomics and Genetics 2025, Vol.16, No.3, 148-162 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/cgg 154 relatively simple, the main effect gene plays a greater role, and the impact of the environment is relatively small relative to yield, so the GS model is more effective. In the analysis of the US public breeding program, it was also found that fiber quality traits are more suitable for GS implementation to speed up the screening of new lines and reduce the workload of field fiber testing (Billings et al., 2022). Figure 1 Pyramiding effect of 10 LsnpRs. (A) Distribution of DI in cotton accessions carrying different numbers of LsnpR. The x-axis represents cotton accessions carrying 1-10 LsnpR. The y-axis represents All-b disease index (DI) across all environments. The letters indicate the statistical test after the t-test (p < 0.001). (B) The correlation between the DI predicted by the MDIC and the actual DI. The x-axis represents predicted DI; the y-axis represents the actual DI of the corresponding genotype materials. (C) The genotypes of 19F2 individuals at 5 Lsnps. ZZM2 and XLZ36 are resistant and susceptible parents, respectively. (D) Correlation between actual DI and predicted DI in 19 F2:3 lines. (E) Correlation between extracted proportion of diseased area in stem sections and predicted DI in 19 F2:3 lines. (F) Correlation between actual vascular pathogen content and predicted DI in 19 F2:3 lines. D-F are all simple linear regressions, and the p-value represents the hypothesis that the slope is non-zero. (G) Six extreme F2:3 lines were selected from the predicted DI, with images showing the disease phenotype and cross-sections of stems at leaf nodes. Photographed at 13 days post-inoculation. The yellow number in the top right corner indicates the number of LsnpR carried by the line. Fam1-Fam3 are lines with the highest predicted DI. Fam15, 16, and 19 are lines with the lowest predicted DI. Scale bar, 3 cm. (H-J) The effect of enhancing VW resistance in existing cotton materials after transformation from LsnpS toLsnpR. (H-J) Represents the DI distribution between the LsnpS series cotton varieties and LsnpR series cotton varieties at Lsnp1, 4, and 9 with low frequency. The genotypic map (below x-axis) shows haplotypes across accessions, with the upper line graph indicating mean DI per haplotype. The black dots represent the actual DI, and the magenta dots represent the predicted DI by the MDIC. BLUE, best linear unbiased estimates; MDIC, molecular disease index calculator (Adopted from Zhang et al., 2025)
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