Cotton Genomics and Genetics 2025, Vol.16, No.2, 95-106 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/cgg 98 The universal HVI (high-capacity fiber tester) can measure the length, strength, micronaire value, color, impurities and other indicators of a large number of cotton samples in a short time. At present, the international cotton trade generally uses HVI test results as the basis for pricing, and more than 50% of the world's cotton is graded through the HVI system. Since the implementation of cotton notarization inspection, China has also fully promoted instrumental inspection. Fiber inspection agencies in various places are equipped with standardized HVI equipment to conduct notarization inspections on each bale of lint and issue quality certificates. A study analyzed the results of HVI comparison tests of fiber laboratories across the country and found that the consistency of cotton fiber test data in various laboratories was high, which verified the accuracy and reliability of instrumental detection, which provided a scientific basis for cotton quality evaluation (Delhom et al., 2020). In addition to HVI, some advanced fiber sorting technologies are also being explored and applied. For example, the use of image recognition technology to intelligently sort cotton color and foreign fibers can assist in manually picking out cotton bundles with serious impurities or colored fibers, thereby improving the purity of the batch (Du et al., 2020). In addition, in large-scale storage and trading markets, the introduction of automatic sorting and packaging systems based on quality parameters, and the classification and stacking of lint according to indicators such as length and strength, will help textile companies select materials on demand. In general, the development direction of fiber grading and sorting technology is based on objective data to achieve fast and fine quality grading, and provide stable and reliable quality assurance for downstream cotton. 3.3 Moisture control technology In the post-harvest processing of cotton, effective control of moisture is crucial. Appropriate moisture is conducive to reducing fiber processing damage, but too high or too low will have an adverse effect on quality. Therefore, modern cotton ginning plants are generally equipped with drying and rehumidification devices to adjust the moisture content of seed cotton and lint. Pre-drying the seed cotton before processing to ensure that the moisture content is reduced to a safe range can avoid the effect of impurity removal due to the adhesion of wet cotton during ginning. During the ginning process, in order to reduce fiber static electricity and breakage, the lint is often treated with moderate rehumidification by spraying water or steam to keep the fiber toughness and spinnability (Pelletier and Byler, 2020). In the process of opening the cotton bundle to extract impurities, it is necessary to find and comply with the appropriate temperature and humidification level to balance the efficiency of impurity removal and the preservation of fiber characteristics. In this process, digital sensing and control technology plays an important role. The online moisture sensor developed in recent years can monitor the moisture of seed cotton and lint in real time, and control the drying temperature or the start and stop of the humidifier in a linked manner to achieve closed-loop regulation. For example, a research project of the United States Department of Agriculture has developed a cotton ginning moisture control system based on microwave sensing, which can accurately identify the moisture changes in the cotton flow and automatically adjust it, so that the moisture of the processed lint is more uniform (Anthony, 2013). In addition, simulation of the processing of seed cotton with different moisture contents can provide data support for the formulation of the optimal drying and rehumidification process. The advancement of moisture control technology not only ensures the stability of fiber quality, but also reduces energy consumption (avoiding over-drying) and safety risks (preventing spontaneous combustion of cotton) during processing. Through the precise management of moisture during the cotton ginning process, the natural toughness and luster of the fiber can be better maintained, laying the foundation for improving the quality of cotton. 4 Quality Assessment and Monitoring Technology 4.1 Fiber quality parameter testing Cotton fiber quality is usually characterized by parameters such as length, fineness (micronaire), strength, maturity, color grade and impurity content. Accurate determination of these parameters is the basis for quality assessment. With the promotion of instrumental testing, cotton quality parameter testing has been standardized and scaled up. As the most widely used fiber tester, the HVI system can measure the average length of the upper half of each bale of lint, specific strength, micronaire, color (reflectance Rd and yellowness +b) and impurity content of each bale of lint in one measurement (Kelly and Hequet, 2018). Since 2015, China has fully implemented the "cotton
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