Cotton Genomics and Genetics 2024, Vol.15, No.2, 93-102 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/cgg 93 Research Insight Open Access The Role of Interspecific Introgression in the Adaptation of GossypiumSpecies Xian Zhang, Shujuan Wang Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China Corresponding author: shujuan.wang@hitar.org Cotton Genomics and Genetics, 2024, Vol.15, No.2 doi: 10.5376/cgg.2024.15.0009 Received: 15 Feb., 2024 Accepted: 21 Mar., 2024 Published: 02 Apr., 2024 Copyright © 2024 Zhang and Wang, This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Zhang X., and Wang S.J., 2024, The role of interspecific introgression in the adaptation of Gossypiumspecies, Cotton Genomics and Genetics, 15(2): 93-102 (doi: 10.5376/cgg.2024.15.0009) Abstract The role of interspecific introgression in the adaptation of Gossypiumspecies is crucial. Gossypiumspecies exhibit rich diversity and wide geographic distribution, with adaptability being key to their survival and development. Interspecific introgression, the process of gene flow between different species, has played a significant role in the adaptation and evolution of Gossypiumspecies. This study reviews the applications and adaptive advantages of interspecific introgression in Gossypiumspecies, including enhanced abiotic stress tolerance, improved biotic resistance, increased yield and fiber quality, and broadened genetic diversity. By analyzing the taxonomy, geographic distribution, and evolutionary history of Gossypium species, this study explores the genetic basis of introgression, mechanisms of gene flow, and methods for detecting and analyzing introgressed genes. Additionally, historical and modern cases are examined to illustrate hybridization events and their impacts. On the molecular and genomic front, the study employs genomic tools to identify key genes and pathways involved in the introgression process. Although interspecific introgression shows great promise in breeding programs and genetic engineering, its implementation faces challenges. This study aims to guide future research by leveraging interspecific introgression to promote the conservation of Gossypium species and sustainable agricultural development, offering potential solutions for climate change adaptation. Keywords Interspecific introgression; Gossypiumspecies; Adaptability; Gene flow; Molecular genomics 1 Introduction Gossypium, commonly known as cotton, is a genus that includes several species of significant economic importance due to their fiber production. The genus is divided into diploid and polyploid species, with the latter including the two most widely cultivated species, Gossypium hirsutumandGossypium barbadense. G. hirsutum, also known as upland cotton, accounts for the majority of global cotton production, while G. barbadense, known for its superior fiber quality, is cultivated in more specialized markets (Fraïsse et al., 2016; Fang et al., 2021; Wang et al., 2022). Adaptation is crucial for the survival and productivity of Gossypium species in diverse environmental conditions. The ability to adapt to various climates and resist biotic and abiotic stresses determines the success of cotton cultivation. Adaptation mechanisms include genetic diversity, phenotypic plasticity, and the ability to acquire beneficial traits through processes such as introgression. These adaptive traits are essential for improving yield, fiber quality, and resistance to pests and diseases (Han et al., 2015; Chhatre et al., 2018; Wang et al., 2022). Interspecific introgression refers to the transfer of genetic material between species through hybridization and backcrossing. This process can introduce new genetic variations that are not present in the original species, potentially leading to the acquisition of advantageous traits. In Gossypium, introgression fromG. hirsutumto G. barbadense has been shown to significantly enhance genetic diversity and contribute to the adaptation and improvement of agronomic traits (Fraïsse et al., 2016; Hamilton and Miller, 2016; Wang et al., 2022). The significance of interspecific introgression lies in its ability to facilitate rapid adaptation to changing environments and improve crop performance, making it a valuable tool in plant breeding and conservation (Hamilton and Miller, 2016; Chhatre et al., 2018; Fang et al., 2021). By examining the genetic and phenotypic impacts of introgression on Gossypium species, identifying key introgressed traits that contribute to adaptation and agronomic improvement, and discussing the mechanisms and evolutionary significance of introgression in Gossypium, this study hopes to provide new insights into the
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