Cotton Genomics and Genetics 2024, Vol.15, No.2, 81-92 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/cgg 90 genomic studies have provided deeper insights into the evolutionary history and domestication processes of key species such as Gossypium barbadense and Gossypium hirsutum. These studies have revealed the complex interplay of polyploidization, interspecific hybridization, and introgression events that have shaped the current genetic landscape of cotton. Additionally, the genetic diversity within native populations, particularly in regions like the Amazonian Native Communities, has been documented, highlighting the role of local cultivation practices in maintaining genetic variability. These findings emphasize the importance of combining traditional taxonomic methods with modern genomic technologies to fully understand the evolutionary dynamics of the Gossypium genus. Future efforts should continue to focus on sequencing and annotating the genomes of more Gossypium species, providing a more comprehensive understanding of the genetic diversity and evolutionary history of the genus. Investigating the functional roles of specific genes and transposons in cotton adaptability and fiber quality is crucial for breeding programs aimed at improving crop resilience and productivity. Future research should also strive to preserve the genetic diversity in native populations, as these populations may harbor unique traits valuable for future breeding efforts. Additionally, further studies on the impact of polyploidy on gene expression and genome stability will enhance researchers' understanding of the success of polyploid species such as G. hirsutumandG. barbadense. The taxonomic classification and evolutionary study of Gossypiumhave greatly benefited from the integration of historical perspectives and modern genomic advances. These efforts have not only clarified the complex evolutionary history of this economically important genus but also provided valuable resources for future research and breeding programs. By continuing to explore the genetic and functional diversity within Gossypium, researchers can develop more resilient and productive cotton varieties, ensuring the sustainability of this vital crop in the face of changing environmental conditions. Acknowledgments The CropSci Publisher appreciates the feedback from two anonymous peer reviewers on the manuscript of this study, whose careful evaluation and constructive suggestions have contributed to the improvement of the manuscript. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The author affirms that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Anwar M., Iqbal M.Z., Abro A.A., Memon S., Bhutto L.A., Memon S.A., and Peng Y., 2022, Inter-specific hybridization in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) for crop improvement, Agronomy, 12(12): 3158. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12123158 Cronn R.C., Small R.L., Haselkorn T., and Wendel J.F., 2002, Rapid diversification of the cotton genus (Gossypium: Malvaceae) revealed by analysis of sixteen nuclear and chloroplast genes, American Journal of Botany, 89(4): 707-725. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.89.4.707 De Lima L.F., de Oliveira J.O., Carneiro J.N.P., Lima C.N.F., Coutinho H.D.M., and Morais-Braga M.F.B., 2021, Ethnobotanical and antimicrobial activities of the Gossypium(Cotton) genus: a review, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 279: 114363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2021.114363 Fryxell P.A., 1969, A classification of GossypiumL. (Malvaceae), Taxon, 18(5): 585-591. https://doi.org/10.2307/1218405 Grover C.E., Arick M.A., Thrash A., Conover J.L., Sanders W.S., Peterson D.G., Frelichowski J., Scheffler J., Scheffler B., and Wendel J.F., 2019, Insights into the evolution of the new world diploid cottons (Gossypium, subgenus Houzingenia) based on genome sequencing, Genome Biology and Evolution, 11(1): 53-71. https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evy256 Grover C.E., Arick M.A., Thrash A., Sharbrough J., Hu G., Yuan D., Yuan D., Miller E., Ramaraj T., Peterson D., Udall J., and Wendel J.F., 2022, Dual domestication, diversity, and differential introgression in Old World cotton diploids, Genome Biology and Evolution, 14(12): evac170. https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evac170 Haufler C.H., 2015, Alan R. Smith: Recipient of the 2014 Asa Gray Award, American Society of Plant Taxonomists, Systematic Botany, 40(1): 2-3. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364415X686279 Hoquet T., 2014, Botanical authority: Benjamin Delessert’s collections between travelers and Candolle’s natural method (1803-1847), Isis, 105(3): 508-539. https://doi.org/10.1086/678169
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