Molecular Soil Biology 2026, Vol.17, No.1, 51-60 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/msb 56 Figure 2 The role of microorganisms in soil (Adopted from Berlanas et al., 2019) 6.2 Application of high-throughput sequencing technology in rhizosphere microbial research With the development of molecular biology techniques, high-throughput sequencing technology has become an important tool for studying soil microbial community structure. This technology allows for rapid analysis of a large amount of microbial community information by extracting and amplifying microbial DNA from soil samples. In vineyard soil research, the composition of the microbial community is often analyzed by amplifying bacterial 16S rRNA genes and fungal ITS regions (Berlanas et al., 2019). After DNA extraction, PCR amplification, and library construction, the samples are sent to a sequencing platform for sequencing, thereby obtaining a large amount of microbial sequence data. By classifying and comparing these sequences, the composition and relative abundance of different microbial groups can be identified. Compared with traditional culturing methods, high-throughput sequencing technology can more comprehensively reveal the diversity characteristics of difficult-to-culture microorganisms in soil, thus playing an important role in rhizosphere microbial ecology research. 6.3 Data analysis methods and microbial community structure analysis After obtaining high-throughput sequencing data, a systematic data analysis approach is needed to analyze the microbial community structure. First, the raw sequencing data undergoes quality control, including removing low-quality sequences, assembling valid sequences, and removing chimeric sequences to ensure the accuracy of the data analysis. Then, microorganisms are classified based on sequence similarity, and operational taxonomic units or characteristic sequences are constructed for analyzing community composition. Commonly used analytical indicators include community richness, diversity index, and species evenness, which reflect the overall characteristics of the microbial community structure. 7 Case Study: The Effects of Integrated Nutrient Management on a Vineyard 7.1 Study area and experimental design This case study uses a hypothetical wine vineyard in Ningxia (sandy loam soil, annual rainfall 500 mm) as the research object, employing a randomized block design for a 3-year experiment. The following treatments were
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