Molecular Soil Biology 2026, Vol.17, No.1, 51-60 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/msb 55 physicochemical properties in vineyards often increases the α-diversity and evenness of bacterial and fungal communities. Therefore, INM, by improving soil structure and enhancing organic matter and nutrient buffering capacity, provides a more stable environment for rhizosphere microorganisms, thereby promoting the optimized reconstruction of the microbial community. 5 Relationship between Rhizosphere Microorganisms and Grape Nutrient Absorption and Growth 5.1 Mechanisms by which rhizosphere microorganisms promote nutrient transformation and cycling Rhizosphere microorganisms enhance the plant's accessibility to nutrients by decomposing soil organic matter and transforming inorganic nutrients. For example, nitrogen-fixing bacteria can fix atmospheric nitrogen into plant-available ammonium nitrogen, while phosphate-solubilizing bacteria can release phosphorus from insoluble phosphate minerals for grape absorption. Furthermore, some microorganisms secrete organic acids or enzymes to accelerate the decomposition of organic matter and minerals, thereby releasing nutrients; simultaneously, microbial metabolism promotes the mineralization of organic nitrogen and organic matter, providing a sustainable nitrogen source for the plant. These mechanisms enable grapes to obtain a more abundant and diverse supply of nutrients from the soil under the INM system, meeting the needs of growth and fruit development. 5.2 The influence of microbial-plant interactions on grape growth and development A complex interaction network exists between grape rhizosphere microorganisms and plants. Some plant growth promoters (PGPRs) and root symbiotic microorganisms can produce plant hormones (such as indoleacetic acid and ethylene regulators), stimulating root growth and increasing root hair density, thereby expanding the absorption area of grapes (Hakim et al., 2021). Simultaneously, beneficial microorganisms can also suppress soil-borne pathogens and reduce disease incidence through nutrient competition, the production of antimicrobial substances, or the induction of plant resistance (Dries et al., 2021). Endophytic flora in grapes (such as certain fungi) may also improve the plant's tolerance to stresses such as drought and salinity by regulating plant immunity and growth regulation pathways (Wang et al., 2023). These microbial-plant interaction effects ultimately manifest as a synergistic effect, promoting grape growth, accelerating ripening, and enhancing overall plant vigor (Chang et al., 2025). 5.3 The relationship between microbial community structure and grape quality formation Studies have shown that there may be an indirect link between rhizosphere microbial community structure and grape fruit quality. A healthy and stable microbial community can improve soil nutrient supply and the root growth environment, contributing to the accumulation of sugars, acids, and aromatic substances in the fruit Reports indicate a positive correlation between soil bacterial and fungal community diversity and the content of flavor compounds in grape berries. Furthermore, certain microbial metabolites (such as certain organic acids and amino acids) may affect fruit development through root-stem translocation (Song et al., 2024). However, the direct mechanisms by which microbial communities influence grape quality formation are not yet fully understood. Overall, maintaining a healthy rhizosphere microbial ecosystem helps improve fruit flavor, color, and antioxidant content, thereby enhancing the final quality of the wine. 6 Research Methods and Techniques 6.1 Soil sample collection and physicochemical property determination In conducting research on rhizosphere microorganisms in vineyard soils, scientific and standardized sample collection is fundamental to ensuring the reliability of research results (Berlanas et al., 2019). Generally, representative vines are selected during the vigorous growth period of grapevines, and rhizosphere soil is collected along the root distribution area at a certain distance from the main trunk. During sampling, the soil adhering to the roots should be gently shaken off, and the soil tightly attached to the root surface is used as the rhizosphere sample. To ensure data representativeness, multiple sampling points are usually set up within the same treatment area and mixed samples are processed (Figure 2) (Berlanas et al., 2019). After collection, samples need to be promptly stored at low temperatures or air-dried to avoid changes in the microbial community structure.
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