Molecular Soil Biology 2026, Vol.17, No.1, 51-60 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/msb 52 Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) is a soil-based nutrient supply strategy aimed at meeting crop needs. Its core concept is the rational combination of chemical fertilizers, organic fertilizers, and bio-fertilizers to achieve efficient nutrient utilization and ecological environmental protection (Wu et al., 2024). In recent years, with the exposure of the drawbacks of traditional single-fertilizer application, research on the application of INM in fruit tree and grape production has been increasing. Practice has shown that the INM model, by supplementing organic matter and improving soil structure, can improve soil fertility and water retention capacity, promote the reproduction of beneficial microorganisms, and thus enhance soil fertility and crop production efficiency (Meissner et al., 2019). For example, in a four-year trial in a vineyard in Hebei Province, the combined application of moderate amounts of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer (M2NPK) significantly increased grape yield (14% higher than the control) and vitamin C content, reduced soil nitrate nitrogen accumulation, and increased soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content. Other studies have shown that reducing chemical fertilizer application by 20% and applying liquid organic fertilizer can significantly increase soil microbial biomass C, N, and enzyme activity, promoting grape yield and quality improvement. These results indicate that the scientific implementation of integrated nutrient management is an effective way to improve soil quality, increase efficiency, and reduce fertilizer use in modern viticulture (Chang et al., 2025). 2 Theoretical Basis of Integrated Nutrient Management 2.1 Concept and principles of integrated nutrient management Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) is an agricultural management strategy that organically combines multiple nutrient sources, such as chemical fertilizers, organic fertilizers, and bio-fertilizers. Its core lies in achieving sustainable soil resource utilization while meeting crop growth needs. Its basic principles include nutrient balance, resource recycling, and eco-friendliness. Specifically, INM emphasizes developing fertilization plans based on the existing soil fertility, appropriately supplementing chemical fertilizers to improve nutrient supply, while simultaneously applying organic and bio-fertilizers to increase soil organic matter content and provide carbon and nitrogen sources for the microbial community. This multi-faceted fertilization approach of "chemical + organic + microbial" helps improve nutrient utilization efficiency, reduce chemical fertilizer residues and environmental pollution, and enhance soil activity and ecological stability (Bargaz et al., 2018). 2.2 Synergistic mechanism of organic, chemical, and bio-fertilizers In integrated nutrient management, different types of fertilizers have complementary mechanisms of action. Organic fertilizers are the main providers of carbon sources and soil organic matter, improving soil structure, increasing bulk density and water retention capacity, and providing a sustainable source of nutrients for soil microorganisms. Chemical fertilizers, with their efficient and rapid nutrient replenishment advantages, meet the needs of grapes for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and other elements during critical growth stages. Bio-fertilizers (such as nitrogen-fixing bacterial fertilizers, phosphorus-dissolving bacteria, or microbial inoculants) promote nutrient transformation and absorption through microbial metabolism, while also improving soil fertility and reducing diseases (Bargaz et al., 2018). When these three are applied in a reasonable combination, a synergistic effect can be achieved. For example, studies have found that the combined use of compound microbial fertilizers and humic acid fertilizers with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers can increase the number of beneficial microorganisms such as actinomycetes in the rhizosphere, making the total microbial biomass 1.3 times that of the single chemical fertilizer control. In addition, the rich trace elements and organic matter in organic fertilizers help buffer soil pH changes and avoid acidification problems caused by excessive chemical fertilizers. 2.3 Impact of integrated nutrient management on soil ecological environment Reasonable integrated nutrient management measures can significantly improve the soil ecological environment. On the one hand, continuous application of organic fertilizers can greatly increase soil organic matter content and aggregate structure stability, enhancing soil's water and fertilizer retention capacity. On the other hand, beneficial microorganisms in bio-fertilizers and soil conditioners can accelerate nutrient cycling, decompose organic residues, and inhibit some pathogens (Li et al., 2024). Integrated fertilization can also adjust soil nutrient ratios, reducing nutrient imbalances caused by excess of a single element. For example, in field trials at Red Globe
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