Molecular Soil Biology 2026, Vol.17, No.1, 38-50 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/msb 44 Figure 3 Partial Mantel test examined the relationship between dominant phyla of soil bacteria (A) and fungi (B) (relative abundance > 5%) and soil environmental factors. The edge width corresponds to the Mantel’s r statistic for the corresponding distance correlation, and the edge color indicates statistical significance (Adopted from Bai et al., 2023) Moisture regulates oxygen diffusion and substrate accessibility in soils; both drought stress and waterlogging can reduce microbial diversity by selecting for tolerant species (Lladó et al., 2018; Bai et al., 2023). Nutrient imbalances caused by continuous cropping often lead to declines in SOM and altered C:N ratios that constrain microbial growth. Structural equation modeling studies highlight that these abiotic factors collectively shape bacterial communities more strongly than fungal ones due to differences in ecological niches (Huang et al., 2024). Managing these environmental parameters is therefore critical for sustaining healthy soil microbiomes under intensive greenhouse cucumber production. 6 Case Study: Analysis of Soil Microbial Community Changes in a Greenhouse Cucumber Continuous Cropping System 6.1 Overview of the study area and experimental design The study was conducted in a calcareous soil region of northern China, where greenhouse cucumber monocropping has been practiced for varying durations, including 1, 8, 15, and 22 years. The experimental design involved collecting soil samples from greenhouses with these different continuous cropping histories to assess how prolonged cucumber cultivation affects soil microbial communities. This approach allowed for a comparative analysis of microbial diversity and community structure changes over time under intensive greenhouse conditions (Zhao et al., 2020; Huang et al., 2023). Soil physicochemical properties such as pH, organic matter, electrical conductivity (EC), and nutrient concentrations were also measured to link microbial shifts with environmental factors.
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