Molecular Soil Biology 2026, Vol.17, No.1, 26-37 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/msb 31 5.3 Multivariate statistical analysis (RDA/CCA) reveals driving factors In community ecology research, RDA/CCA and other constrained ordination methods can explicitly link species or functional group changes to environmental gradients, facilitating the identification of key driving factors and reducing the one-sidedness of single-factor analysis (Hegyi et al., 2021). Methodologically, CCA, as a classic direct gradient analysis technique, was proposed by ter Braak and has since been widely used in community ecology; in the ecological statistics tool of R language, the vegan package provides mature implementations for cca and rda. Experientially, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and exchangeable Ca are often identified as important factors shaping the phoD bacterial community; and the study of tea garden acidification also uses RDA to demonstrate the systematic correlations between pH, phosphorus components, phoD abundance, and tea yield and quality indicators. For the study of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria in acidic tea gardens, it is recommended to incorporate "pH-aluminum-iron activity-phosphorus component-organic matter-management measures" into the same statistical framework to obtain a more mechanistically relevant explanation. 6 Potential for the Development and Agricultural Application of Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria 6.1 Screening, isolation and identification of dominant phosphate-solubilizing strains The development of superior phosphate-depleting strains is typically carried out in a stepwise manner: starting from "phenotypic screening → quantitative determination of phosphorus solubilization → genetic identification → functional verification". Using insoluble phosphorus sources (such as calcium phosphate, phosphorite powder, etc.) as selection pressure, candidate strains are identified through the measurement of the clear zone and phosphorus solubilization, and then classified and functionally annotated using 16S rRNA/whole genome (Wang et al., 2022). In studies on the rhizosphere of tea plants, there have been cases where phosphate-depleting bacterial strains were isolated from the rhizosphere soil and identified as belonging to the genus Paenibacillus, indicating that there are indeed cultivable functional bacterial resources in the tea plant rhizosphere (Guo et al., 2024). At the same time, new isolation and enrichment strategies also emphasize that environmental variables can affect the proportion of cultivable phosphate-depleting bacteria and their solubilization potential, suggesting that the screening system should try to simulate the real pH and metal background of an acidic tea garden to improve the "effective after entering the soil" screening hit rate (Pilotto et al., 2025). 6.2 The promoting effect of phosphate-respiring bacteria on nutrient absorption in tea plants The potential value of phosphate-respiring bacteria for tea plants lies not only in increasing the available phosphorus in the soil, but also in influencing yield and quality through the "phosphorus-carbon-nitrogen metabolism-quality substance synthesis" chain (PTimofeeva et al., 2023). Potted experiments have shown that when certain phosphate-respiring bacteria are inoculated in combination with phosphate rock powder, it can increase the phosphorus absorption in the above-ground parts of tea plants and increase biomass, suggesting that they have the application prospect of promoting the effective utilization of phosphorus in acidic soil (Wahid et al., 2020; Dong et al., 2025). On the other hand, the root-associated microorganisms of tea plants exhibit diversity and plasticity in metabolic pathways in response to short-term phosphorus supply, and functional predictions indicate that some carbon-nitrogen metabolic pathways can be enhanced with the increase of phosphorus input, indirectly supporting the idea of "improving nutrient utilization by regulating microbial processes" (Enriquez-León et al., 2025). It should be noted with caution that high phosphorus input may reduce microbial alpha diversity or inhibit mycorrhizal functional groups. Therefore, the combination of "fertilizer + moderate phosphorus application" may be more in line with ecological efficiency (Wahid et al., 2020; Timofeeva et al., 2022). 6.3 Development of microbial agents and evaluation of their ecological safety From an industrialization perspective, for phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria to move from the laboratory to the field, they must overcome two hurdles: quality standards and ecological safety (Timofeeva et al., 2022). The current national standard GB 20287-2006 of China stipulates the classification, requirements, and testing rules for "agricultural microbial agents". Among the functional groups, "phosphorus-solubilizing microbial agents" are clearly included; the standard system also emphasizes that the bacterial strains should be safe and effective, and
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