Molecular Soil Biology 2025, Vol.16, No.5, 272-286 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/msb 283 alkaline soil treatment highlights that the synergistic effect of "chemical improvement + biological root promotion" can effectively solve the problems of weak root system and yellowing of beans, and achieve increased production and efficiency. In this region, the application of these technologies in the wheat-soybean rotation system not only ensures that the soil does not compact during the wheat growth period, but also creates good soil conditions for soybeans. At present, this model has been promoted in some alkaline soil soybean fields in Henan and Hebei, becoming a typical representative of efficient cultivation of beans in this type of soil. 7.3 Southwest red soil area: high-quality mung bean production management under medium- and low-fertility soil conditions Red soil and yellow soil in the southwest region generally have strong acidity and low nutrient content, and are considered to be "medium- and low-yield fields" that are not conducive to high yields. However, high-quality and efficient production of bean crops can also be achieved in this region through comprehensive measures. Taking the cultivation of mung beans in red soil in a certain place in Guangxi as an example, the technical route includes: improving soil acidity, providing nutrients in a balanced manner, selecting stress-resistant varieties and strengthening management. Applying 1.5 tons of lime per hectare and combining it with organic fertilizer can increase the pH of red soil from 5.0 to about 6.0, greatly reduce aluminum toxicity and increase calcium and magnesium supply. Subsequently, phosphorus, potassium and boron fertilizers are added according to the soil nutrient status to make up for the lack of available phosphorus and trace elements in red soil. After soil testing and formulation, N-P2O3-K2O (10-30-20 kg/ha) and a small amount of borax were applied to the red soil mung bean field at one time to ensure the nutrients required for root development and flowering and podding in the seedling stage. In terms of variety selection, mung bean varieties that are resistant to barrenness and diseases and have good commercial properties are used, such as "Guilu X", which has a well-developed root system and strong adaptability to acidic soil. Combined with the above-mentioned soil improvement measures, the yield potential of this variety can be brought into play. In terms of field management, ridge planting is implemented to improve drainage, and straw is added to retain moisture and reduce temperature, thereby reducing the adverse effects of high temperature and drought in red soil on mung bean grain filling. The results show that the red soil mung bean field that has undergone soil improvement and fine management has excellent mung bean grain quality and an increase of more than 20% in yield compared with ordinary management (Ma et al., 2020). Similarly, in some hilly red soil areas in Yunnan and Guizhou, the soybean-corn strip intercropping technology was promoted, using corn shading to reduce soil temperature and improving soil structure through root complementarity, which also achieved the successful practice of "increasing soybean production without reducing corn production". These areas also attach great importance to the application of biofertilizers. For example, the application of biofertilizers in red soil peanut fields significantly promoted nodule development and root absorption capacity, proving the yield-increasing potential of microbial inputs in low-fertility soils (Liu et al., 2021). The high-quality and efficient production of beans in the red soil area of Southwest China embodies the combination of "soil improvement + good varieties and good methods": by improving soil acid and fertilizer conditions, selecting varieties with good stress tolerance, and adopting cultivation techniques such as mulching and intercropping, higher bean yields and quality can be obtained on originally medium- and low-yield soils. This provides a demonstration for the development and utilization of low-fertility soils in southern China, which is of great significance to improving the level of grain and bean production in these areas. 8 Concluding Remarks Soil type has a decisive influence on the efficient cultivation of legumes, and different management techniques need to be adopted under different soil conditions. In heavy clay soils, the key is to improve ventilation and drainage conditions to prevent waterlogging and root damage, which can be achieved by deep ploughing and loosening and improving the drainage system; on sandy soils, attention should be paid to water conservation and fertilization, and measures such as mulching and increasing organic matter should be adopted to reduce drought and nutrient loss. In acidic and barren soils, pH adjustment and supplementation of deficient nutrients are the key points. Usually, lime or biochar should be applied to neutralize acidity, and balanced fertilization should be
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