Molecular Soil Biology 2025, Vol.16, No.5, 255-264 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/msb 261 Figure 2 Bayberry trees orchard investigated in this study. Healthy (A) and diseased (B) bayberry trees and the distribution (C) of healthy and diseased bayberry trees (Adopted from Ren et al., 2021) 8.3 Long-term field studies on orchard sustainability At present, most studies on pH regulation only focus on short-term intervention or changes in yield and quality in a single season, lacking continuous field observations over many years. In long-term orchard management, the relationship between soil acidification, nutrient loss, changes in microbial diversity and the health and yield stability of bayberries has not been systematically explained (Sofo et al., 2020; Ren et al., 2021; Li et al., 2022). Long-term field observations need to be carried out in the future, combining multiple aspects such as soil physicochemical properties, microbial communities, fruit quality and yield, to evaluate the sustainability and ecological effects of different pH control measures (Kalcsits et al., 2020; Sofo et al., 2020) (Figure 3). Figure 3 Soil and rhizosphere (A), root (B), orchard (C), and above-ground (D) factors affecting nutrient composition of perennial fruit crops (Adopted from Kalcsits et al., 2020)
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